{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:13:32Z","timestamp":1791908012216,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Str 511\/5-1,2,3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Str 511\/5-1,2,3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Str 511\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Str 511\/11-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Corticosteroids (CS) and norepinephrine (NE) support each other's biological effects. Thus, deficiency of cortisol and reduced synovial sympathetic innervation (SSI) may be proinflammatory in rheuma\u2010toid arthritis (RA). This study tested the anti\u2010inflamma\u2010tory cooperativity of CS and NE in human RA synovial tissue. In an in vivo study, 32 patients with RA (with prior CS therapy\/without SSI:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =7; without prior CS therapy\/with SSI: 6; with prior CS therapy\/with SSI: 19) were investigated for synovial inflammation. In an in vitro study with synoviocytes from RA and OA patients, the separate and combined effects of cortisol and NE were studied. In the in vivo study, patients with prior CS therapy\/with SSI showed lower secretion of synovial IL\u20108 than the other groups, lower synovial density of T cells and macrophages, and lower overall inflammation. In the in vitro study, a cooperative suppressive effect of NE (10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20106<\/jats:sup>\n                    Mto10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20108<\/jats:sup>\n                    M) and cortisol (10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20106<\/jats:sup>\n                    M and 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20107<\/jats:sup>\n                    M) on secretion of IL\u20108 and TNF from primary early culture mixed RA synoviocytes was observed. This cooperative effect was not observed in OA synoviocytes. In the same RA and OA patients, the cooperative effect was lost in 3rd passage synovial fibroblasts. This study demonstrates the cooperativity of cortisol and NE for inhibition of proinflammatory mediators produced in the synovial tissue of RA patients. These results underscore that coupling of an efficient secretion of systemic cortisol together with local production of NE is important in order to lower synovial inflammation..\u2014Straub, R. H., G\u00fcnzler, C., Miller, L. E., Cutolo, M., Sch\u00f6lmerich, J., Schill, S. Anti\u2010inflammatory cooperativity of corticosteroids and norepinephrine in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue in vivo and in vitro.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    16, 993\u20131000 (2002)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0085com","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T18:39:25Z","timestamp":1027881565000},"page":"993-1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Anti\u2010inflammatory cooperativity of corticosteroids and norepinephrine in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue in vivo and in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"RAINER H.","family":"STRAUB","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHRISTIAN","family":"G\u00dcNZLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LUITPOLD E.","family":"MILLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MAURIZIO","family":"CUTOLO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine University of Genova  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00dcRGEN","family":"SCH\u00d6LMERICH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"STEFAN","family":"SCHILL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Medical Faculty of the University of Regensburg Bavarian Red Cross Hospital  Bad Abbach Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"649","article-title":"Influence of disease activity on steroid hormone levels in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Brink H. 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