{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:25:17Z","timestamp":1790933117272,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["54820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["54820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Opioids and volatile anesthetics produce marked cardioprotective effects against myocardial infarction via the activation of ATP\u2010sensitive potassium (K\n                    <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) channels, however, the effect of combined treatment with both drugs is unknown. We examined the hypothesis that opioids and volatile anesthetics potentiate cardiac K\n                    <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n                    channel opening, thereby enhancing cardioprotection. Rats were treated with the delta opioid agonists, TAN\u201067 or BW373U86, or isoflurane, together or alone with and without diazoxide, a mitochondrial K\n                    <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n                    channel opener. Glibenclamide, a non\u2010selective K\n                    <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n                    channel blocker, was used to further characterize the signaling mechanism involved. Myocardial infarct size (IS) was determined by tetrazolium staining and was expressed as a percent of the area at risk (AAR). High doses of TAN\u201067 (10 mg\/kg), diazoxide (10 mg\/kg), and isoflurane (1 MAC) produced a significant reduction in IS compared with the control group (30\u00b13%, 36\u00b15%, and 42\u00b12 vs. 58\u00b12%, respectively), whereas lower doses of the drugs had no effect except for the low dose of isoflurane (0.5 MAC). The combination of TAN\u201067 and diazoxide or isoflurane and diazoxide resulted in a marked reduction in IS compared with controls in the presence of high (9\u00b13% and 14\u00b13%) and low (17\u00b17% and 31\u00b17%) dose combinations, respectively. The combination of TAN\u201067 or BW373U86 and isoflurane also caused a striking reduction in IS\/AAR (16\u00b17% and 7\u00b12%, respectively). To date, this is the first demonstration that opioids and volatile anesthetics work in conjunction to confer protection against myocardial infarction through potentiation of cardiac K\n                    <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n                    channel opening.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0170fje","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,30]],"date-time":"2002-08-30T19:03:10Z","timestamp":1030734190000},"page":"1468-1470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Delta opioid agonists and volatile anesthetics facilitate cardioprotection via potentiation of K\n                    <sub>ATP<\/sub>\n                    channel opening"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hemal H.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology  Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda M.","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology  Milwaukee Wisconsin"},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Anesthesiology  Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Fryer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Institutes of Medicine Center for Neurological Disease  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology  Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Warltier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology  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