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In the present study, we investigated the possible role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of paralytic ileus, a pathological state consisting of decreased intestinal motility following peritonitis, surgery, or other noxious situations. Ileus was induced by i.p. administration of acetic acid, and gastrointestinal propulsion was assessed by the charcoal method. Endocannabinoid levels were measured by isotope\u2010dilution gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry, whereas cannabinoid CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors were identified by immunohistochemistry. Acetic acid administration inhibited gastrointestinal transit (ileus), and this effect was accompanied by increased levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide compared with control mice and by overexpression of CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors in myenteric nerves. Furthermore, acetic acid\u2010induced ileus was alleviated by the CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor antagonist SR141716A and worsened by VDM11, a selective inhibitor of anandamide cellular uptake (and hence inactivation). From these findings, it can be concluded that the intestinal hypomotility typical of paralytic ileus is due, at least in part, to the enhancement of anandamide levels and CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    expression during this condition, and that selective, nonpsychotropic CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor antagonists could represent new drugs to treat this disorder.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0338fje","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,5]],"date-time":"2002-12-05T12:43:29Z","timestamp":1039092209000},"page":"1973-1975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["The endocannabinoid system and the molecular basis of paralytic ileus in mice"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Mascolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pharmacology University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo A.","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pharmacology University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Ligresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry National Research Council  Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, Ed. 70 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Costagliola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Structures, Functions and Technology University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  via F. Delpino 1 80137 Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pharmacology University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry National Research Council  Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, Ed. 70 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Maffia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences  Via Ponte Don Melillo 84084 Fisciano SA Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Cecio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Structures, Functions and Technology University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  via F. 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