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Here, we report that mice transgenic for the homeodomain transcription factor Isl\u20101 develop profound caudal growth defects that resemble human sacral\/caudal agenesis. Isl\u20101 is normally expressed in the pancreas and is required for pancreas development and endocrine cell differentiation. Aberrant regulation of this pancreatic transcription factor causes increased mesodermal cell death, and the severity of defects is dependent on transgene dosage. Together with the finding that mutation of the pancreatic transcription factor HLXB9 causes sacral agenesis, our results implicate pancreatic transcription factors in the pathogenesis of birth defects associated with diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0856fje","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,8]],"date-time":"2003-07-08T17:17:48Z","timestamp":1057684668000},"page":"1349-1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Caudal dysgenesis in islet\u20101 transgenic mice"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yunhua Li","family":"Muller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel C. Johnson Medical Research Center, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale  Scottsdale Arizona"},{"name":"NIH-NIDDK Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch  16th Street Phoenix Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yir Gloria","family":"Yueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel C. Johnson Medical Research Center, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale  Scottsdale Arizona"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Midwestern University  19555 N. 59th Avenue Glendale Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Yaworsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel C. Johnson Medical Research Center, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale  Scottsdale Arizona"},{"name":"Genomics Department Wyeth-Ayerst Research  87 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Michael Salbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel C. 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