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Here, we report that perinatal exposure of mice during gestation and lactation to low levels of dieldrin (0.3, 1, or 3 mg\/kg every 3 days) alters dopaminergic neurochemistry in their offspring and exacerbates MPTP toxicity. At 1 wk of age, protein and mRNA levels of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) were increased by perinatal dieldrin exposure in a dose\u2010related manner. We then administered MPTP (2\u00d710 mg\/kg s.c) at 12 wk of age and observed a greater reduction of striatal dopamine in dieldrin\u2010exposed offspring, which was associated with a greater DAT: VMAT2 ratio. Additionally, dieldrin exposure during development potentiated the increase in GFAP and \u03b1\u2010synuclein levels induced by MPTP, indicating increased neurotoxicity. In all cases there were greater effects observed in the male offspring than the female, similar to that observed in human cases of PD. These data suggest that developmental exposure to dieldrin leads to persistent alterations of the developing dopaminergic system and that these alterations induce a \u201csilent\u201d state of dopamine dysfunction, thereby rendering dopamine neurons more vulnerable later in life.\u2014 Richardson, J. R., Caudle, W. M., Wang, M., Dean, E. D., Pennell, K. D., Miller, G. W. Developmental exposure to the pesticide dieldrin alters the dopamine system and increases neurotoxicity in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    20, E976\u2013E985 (2006)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-5864fje","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,30]],"date-time":"2006-06-30T06:29:16Z","timestamp":1151648956000},"page":"1695-1697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Developmental exposure to the pesticide dieldrin alters the dopamine system and increases neurotoxicity in an animal model of Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodgenerative Disease School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Michael","family":"Caudle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodgenerative Disease School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minzheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodgenerative Disease School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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