{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:38:15Z","timestamp":1791247095955,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Little is known about the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in feces and their potential health consequences. Patients and healthcare professionals have observed that feces often smell abnormal during gastrointestinal disease. The aim of this work was to define the volatiles emitted from the feces of healthy donors and patients with gastrointestinal disease. Our hypotheses were that\n                    <jats:italic>i)<\/jats:italic>\n                    VOCs would be shared in health;ii) VOCs would be constant in individuals; and\n                    <jats:italic>iii)<\/jats:italic>\n                    specific changes in VOCs would occur in disease. Volatile emissions in health were defined in a cohort and a longitudinal study. Subsequently, the pattern of volatiles found in the cohort study were compared to that found from patients with ulcerative colitis,\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Volatiles from feces were collected by solid\u2010phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry. In the cohort study, 297 volatiles were identified. In all samples, ethanoic, butanoic, pentanoic acids, benzaldehyde, ethanal, carbon disulfide, dimethyldisulfide, acetone, 2\u2010butanone, 2, 3\u2010butanedione, 6\u2010Methyl\u20105\u2010hep\u2010ten\u20102\u2010one, indole, and 4\u2010Methylphenol were found. Forty\u2010four compounds were shared by 80% of subjects. In the longitudinal study, 292 volatiles were identified, with some\n                    <jats:italic>inter<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>intra<\/jats:italic>\n                    subject variations in VOC concentrations with time. When compared to healthy donors, volatile patterns from feces of patients with ulcerative colitis,\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    were each significantly different. These findings could lead the way to the development of a rapid diagnostic device based on VOC detection.\u2014Garner C. E., Smith, S., de Lacy Costello B., White, P., Spencer, R., Probert, C. S. J., Ratcliffe N. M. Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    21, 1675\u20131688 (2007)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6927com","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T20:25:50Z","timestamp":1172089550000},"page":"1675-1688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":412,"title":["Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Catherine E.","family":"Garner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Science at South Bristol Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences Centre for Research in Analytical Materials, and Sensor Sciences University of the West of England Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences Centre for Research in Analytical Materials, and Sensor Sciences University of the West of England Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"de Lacy Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences Centre for Research in Analytical Materials, and Sensor Sciences University of the West of England Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences Centre for Research in Analytical Materials, and Sensor Sciences University of the West of England Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris S. 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