{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:46:35Z","timestamp":1790930795968,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,5]],"date-time":"2007-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004084","name":"Korea Science and Engineering Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-2005-000-10355-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-2005-000-10355-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004084","name":"Korea Science and Engineering Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A050750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A050750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KRF-2004-005-D00057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KRF-2004-005-D00057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We report on the ultrasensitive protein nanoprobe system that specifically captures disease marker (autoantibodies of Type I diabetes in this case) with attomolar sensitivity. The system relies on supramolecular protein nanoparticles that bind a specific antibody [65 kDa glutamate decarboxylase (GAD\n                    <jats:sub>65<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\u2010specific autoantibody, i.e., the early marker of Type I diabetes]. The ultrasensitive detection of early marker of Type I diabetes during the early phase of pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cell destruction is important because individuals at high risk of developing Type I diabetes can be identified several years before the clinical onset of the ailment. The bacterial expression of chimera genes encoding N\u2010[human ferritin heavy chain (hFTN\u2010H)]::[specific antigenic epitope]\u2010C produces supramolecular nanoparticles with uniform diameters (10\u201015 nm), owing to self\u2010assembly activity of hFTN\u2010H. Each nanoparticle, formed by intermolecular self\u2010assembly between the chimera protein molecules, is subjected to carrying a large number (presumably, 24) of epitopes with a homogeneous and stable conformation per autoantibody binding, thereby allowing substantial enhancement of sensitivity. The sensitivity was finally boosted to 3 attomolar concentration of the autoantibodies, 4\u20109 orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional immunoassays. Also, this ultrasensitive protein nanoprobe successfully detected natural autoantibodies in the sera from Type I diabetic patients. The attomolar sensitivity was successfully reproduced on the detection of other antibodies, i.e., monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen. With the two antibody markers above, the feasibility of simultaneous and multiplexing\u2010mode detection was also demonstrated.\u2014Lee S\u2010H., Lee, H., Park J\u2010S., Choi, H., Han K\u2010Y., Seo H\u2010S., Ahn K\u2010Y., Han S\u2010S., Cho, Y., Lee K\u2010H., Lee J. A novel approach to ultrasensitive diagnosis using supramolecular protein nano\u2010particles.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    21, 1324\u20131334 (2007)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7303com","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,5]],"date-time":"2007-02-05T20:48:53Z","timestamp":1170708533000},"page":"1324-1334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["A novel approach to ultrasensitive diagnosis using supramolecular protein nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sung-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 136-713 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyewon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 136-713 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Seung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 136-713 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 136-713 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Yeon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 136-713 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuk-Seong","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 136-713 South 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