{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:55:41Z","timestamp":1791125741743,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]],"date-time":"2007-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Avian and human influenza viruses preferentially bind to \u03b1\u20102,3\u2010linked and \u03b1\u20102,6\u2010linked sialic acids, respectively. Until today, the distributions of these two receptor types had never been investigated in H5N1\u2010infected human tissue samples. Here, the expression of avian (AIV\u2010Rs) and human influenza receptors (HuIV\u2010Rs) is studied in various organs (upper and lower respiratory tracts, brain, placenta, liver, kidney, heart, intestines, and spleen) of two H5N1 cases and 14 control cases. Histochemical stains using biotinylated\n                    <jats:italic>Maackia amurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    lectin II and\n                    <jats:italic>Sambucas nigra<\/jats:italic>\n                    aggluti\u2010nin were performed to localize AIV\u2010Rs and HuIV\u2010Rs, respectively. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed to identify the receptor\u2010bearing cells. AIV\u2010Rs were detected on type II pneumocytes; a limited number of epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract; and the bronchi, bronchioli, and trachea; as well as on Kupffer cells, glomerular cells, splenic T cells, and neurons in the brain and intestines. HuIV\u2010Rs were abundantly present in the respiratory tract and lungs. They were also detected on Hofbauer cells, glomerular cells, splenic B cells, and in the liver. Moreover, endo\u2010thelial cells of all organs examined expressed both receptor types. In conclusion, the distribution pattern of AIV\u2010Rs is partially inconsistent with the pattern of infected cells as detected in previous studies, which suggests there may be other receptors or mechanisms involved in H5N1 infection. In addition, the diffuse presence of receptors on endothelial cells may account for the multiple organ involvement in H5N1 influenza. Finally, the relative lack of AIV\u2010Rs in the upper airway may be a one of the factors preventing efficient human\u2010to\u2010human transmission of H5N1 influenza.\u2014Yao, L., Korteweg, C., Hsueh, W., Gu, J. Avian influenza receptor expression in H5N1\u2010infected and noninfected human tissues.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 22, 733\u2013740 (2008)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7880com","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]],"date-time":"2007-10-09T21:05:58Z","timestamp":1191963958000},"page":"733-740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Avian influenza receptor expression in H5N1\u2010infected and noninfected human tissues"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Korteweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Infectious Disease Center Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A\/(H5N1) reported to WHO(Access date August 31 2007).http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/avian_influenza\/country\/cases_table_2007_08_31\/en\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124513"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/304076a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.69.1.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/440435a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11533-11536.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05264"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.1.502-507.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308001101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00384-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Sialyloligosaccharides of the respiratory epithelium in the selection of human influenza virus receptor specificity","volume":"40","author":"Baum L. 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