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In the present study, we have recorded cytosolic Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    responses using confocal imaging in astrocytes of acute olfactory bulb slices from mice (postnatal days 3\u20138). By application of agonists and antagonists, we identified two types of receptors, P2Y\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and A\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    , that mediated Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    responses attributable to Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    release from intracellular stores in the astrocytes. Both receptor types were activated by application of ATP and ADP;however, when enzymatic ATP degradation was suppressed by the alkaline phosphatase inhibitor levamisole, ATP only activated MRS2179\u2010sensitive P2Y\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    but not ZM241385\u2010sensitive A\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors. The dose\u2010response curve for A\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors activated by adenosine revealed an EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 0.3 \u03bcM, one order of magnitude smaller than the EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 5 \u03bcM determined for P2Y\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors activated by ADP. Electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve in the presence of glutamate receptor blockers to suppress excitation of postsynaptic neurons evoked Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    responses in most of the astrocytes, which were inhibited by blocking both P2Y\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and A\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors. Our results indicate that olfactory nerve terminals release not only glutamate, but also ATP, which activates P2Y\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors and, after degradation of ATP to adenosine, A\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors in astrocytes.\u2014Doengi, M., Deitmer, J. W., Lohr, C. New evidence for purinergic signaling in the olfactory bulb: A\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    and P2Y\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors mediate intracellular calcium release in astrocytes.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    22, 2368\u20132378 (2008)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-101782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,29]],"date-time":"2008-02-29T21:44:39Z","timestamp":1204321479000},"page":"2368-2378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["New evidence for purinergic signaling in the olfactory bulb: A\n                    <sub>2A<\/sub>\n                    and P2Y\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    receptors mediate intracellular calcium release in astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Doengi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeine Zoologie University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim W.","family":"Deitmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeine Zoologie University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeine Zoologie University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20396"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00430-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65041515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00012-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-03-01563.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19991018)413:2<289::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19991227)415:4<423::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603741103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.8063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(97)00124-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990428)407:1<11::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2604-06.2006","article-title":"Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by calcium-independent phos pholipase A2 in rat cerebellar astrocytes","volume":"26","author":"Singaravelu K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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