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We delivered three MR probe variants with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanopar\u2010ticles (SPION\u2019 a T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    susceptibility agent) linked to a phosphorothioate\u2010modified oligodeoxynucleotide (sODN) complementary to c\u2010fos mRNA (SPION\u2010cfos) or \u03b2\u2010actin mRNA (SPION\u2010\u03b2\u2010actin) and to sODN with random sequence (SPION\u2010Ran). Each probe (1 \u03bcgFe in 2 \u03bcl) was delivered via intracerebroventricular infusion to the left cerebral ventricle of male C57Black6 mice. We demonstrated SPION retention\u2019 measured as decreased T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * signal or increased R\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * value (R\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * = 1\/ T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    *). Animals that received the SPION\u2010\u03b2\u2010actin probe exhibited the highest R\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * values\u2019 followed (in descending order) by SPION\u2010cfos and SPION\u2010Ran. SPION\u2010cfos retention was localiZed in brain regions where SPION\u2010cfos was present and where hybrids of SPION\u2010cfos and its target c\u2010fos mRNA were detected by\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    reverse transcription PCR. In animals that experienced cerebral ischemia, SPION\u2010cfos retention was significantly increased in locations where c\u2010fos mRNA increased in response to the ischemic insult;these elevations were not observed for SPION\u2010\u03b2\u2010actin and SPION\u2010Ran. This study should enable MR detection of mRNA alteration in disease models of the central nervous system.\u2014Liu C. H., Huang, S., Cui, J., Kim, Y. R., Farrar, C. T., Moskowitz M. A., Rosen B. R., Liu P. K. MR contrast probes that trace gene transcripts for cerebral ischemia in live animals.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    21, 3004\u20133015 (2007)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-8203com","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,3]],"date-time":"2007-05-03T21:31:09Z","timestamp":1178227869000},"page":"3004-3015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["MR contrast probes that trace gene transcripts for cerebral ischemia in live animals"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Christina H.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"NeuroRepair Laboratory\/NeuroRadiology Division Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuning","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard\u2010MIT Division of Health Sciences and Techonology Cambridge Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiankun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Laboratory\/NeuroRadiology Division Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young R.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian T.","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Moskowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip K.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRepair Laboratory\/NeuroRadiology Division Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00859-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200211000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000105927.62344.4C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0399-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/73780"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1201-1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108729002761381320"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.250332397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.10.4270"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/363260a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01459-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00837-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-04-01335.1999","article-title":"Suppression of postischemic hippocampal nerve growth factor expression by a c\u2010fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide","volume":"19","author":"Cui J. 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