{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T23:36:16Z","timestamp":1778715376491,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]],"date-time":"2008-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003006","name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0-20297-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0-20297-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pavlovian conditioning is one of the major neurobiological mechanisms of placebo effects, potentially influencing the course of specific diseases and the response to a pharmacological therapy, such as immunosuppression. In our study with behaviorally conditioned rats, a relevant taste (0.2% saccharin) preceded the application of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA), a specific calcineurin (CaN) inhibitor. Our results demonstrate that through pavlovian conditioning the particular pharmacological properties of CsA can be transferred to a neutral taste,\n                    <jats:italic>i.e<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., CaN activity was inhibited in splenocytes from conditioned rats after reexposure to the gustatory stimulus. Concomitant immune consequences were observed on\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    mitogenic challenge (anti\u2010CD3). Particularly, Th1\u2010cytokine, but not Th2\u2010cytokine, production and cell proliferation were impeded. Appropriate pharmacological and behavioral controls certify that all these changes in T\u2010lymphocyte reactivity are attributable to mere taste reexposure. Furthermore, the underlying sympathetic\u2010lymphocyte interaction was revealed modeling the conditioned response\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . CaN activity in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocytes is reduced by \u03b2\u2010adrenergic stimulation (terbutaline), with these effects antagonized by the \u03b2 \u2010adrenoreceptor antagonist nadolol. In summary, CaN was identified as the intracellular target for inducing conditioned immunosuppression by CsA, contributing to our understanding of the intracellular mechanisms behind \u201clearned placebo effects.\u201d\u2014Pacheco\u2010L\u00f3pez, G., Riether, C., Doenlen, R., Engler, H., Niemi, M.\u2010B., Engler, A., Kavelaars, A., Heijnen, C. J., Schedlowski, M. Calcineurin inhibition in splenocytes induced by pavlovian conditioning.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 23, 1161\u20131167 (2009)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-115683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]],"date-time":"2008-12-22T20:26:01Z","timestamp":1229977561000},"page":"1161-1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Calcineurin inhibition in splenocytes induced by pavlovian conditioning"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Pacheco-L\u00f3ipez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology Institute for Behavioral Sciences, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Riether","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology 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