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Exposures to industrial isocyanates induce lacrimation, pain, airway irritation, and edema. Similar responses are elicited by chemicals used as tear gases. Despite frequent exposures, the biological targets of isocyanates and tear gases\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    have not been identified, precluding the development of effective counter measures. We use Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    imaging and electrophysiology to show that the noxious effects of isocyanates and those of all major tear gas agents are caused by activation of Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    influx and membrane currents in mustard oil\u2010sensitive sensory neurons. These responses are mediated by transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), an ion channel serving as a detector for reactive chemicals. In mice, genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of TRPA1 dramatically reduces isocyanate\u2010 and tear gas\u2010induced nocifensive behavior after both ocular and cutaneous exposures. We conclude that isocyanates and tear gas agents target the same neuronal receptor, TRPA1. Treatment with TRPA1 antagonists may prevent and alleviate chemical irritation of the eyes, skin, and airways and reduce the adverse health effects of exposures to a wide range of toxic noxious chemicals.\u2014Bessac, B. F., Sivula, M., vonHehn, C. A., Caceres, A. I., Escalera, J., Jordt, S.\u2010E. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonists block the noxious effects of toxic industrial isocyanates and tear gases.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 23, 1102\u20131114 (2009)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-117812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]],"date-time":"2008-11-26T20:55:12Z","timestamp":1227732912000},"page":"1102-1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonists block the noxious effects of toxic industrial isocyanates and tear gases"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Bret F.","family":"Bessac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sivula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian A.","family":"von Hehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Escalera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven-Eric","family":"Jordt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890209601427"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X0004067X","article-title":"The emergency medical response to the Cantara hazardous materials incident","volume":"8","author":"Koehler G. 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