{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:37:35Z","timestamp":1789724255058,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]],"date-time":"2009-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0855919D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0855919D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Genetic or nutritional disorders in homocysteine (Hcy) or folate metabolism elevate plasma Hcy\u2010thiolactone and lead to vascular and\/or brain pathologies. Hcy\u2010thiolactone has the ability to form isopeptide bonds with protein lysine residues, which generates\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Hcy\u2010protein with autoimmunogenic and prothrombotic properties. Paraoxonase (PON1), carried on high\u2010density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the blood, hydrolyzes Hcy\u2010thiolactone and protects against the accumulation of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Hcy\u2010protein\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic>\n                    To determine its role\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo,<\/jats:italic>\n                    we studied how natural variation in Hcy\u2010thiolactonase activity of PON1 affects plasma\n                    <jats:italic>N\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    Hcy\u2010protein levels in cystathionine \u00df\u2010synthase\u2010deficient patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =28). We found that plasma\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Hcy\u2010protein was negatively correlated with serum Hcy\u2010thiolactonase activity (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20100.43,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.01),\n                    <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the higher the Hcythiolactonase activity, the lower\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Hcy protein levels. This relation was faithfully replicated\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    in experiments with radiolabeled Hcy\u2010thiolactone. We also found that enzymatic activities of the PON1 protein measured with artificial substrates correlated less strongly (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20100.36,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.025 for paraoxonase activity) or did not correlate at all (phenylacetate hydrolase and TBLase activities) with plasma\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Hcy protein. These findings provide evidence that the Hcy\u2010thiolactonase activity of PON1 is a determinant of plasma\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Hcy\u2010protein levels and that Hcy\u2010thiolactonase\/PON1 protects proteins against\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010homocysteinylation\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo,<\/jats:italic>\n                    a novel mechanism likely to contribute to atheroprotective roles of HDL in humans.\u2014Perla\u2010Kaj\u00e1n, J., Jakubowski, H. Paraoxonase 1 protects against protein\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010homocysteinylation in humans.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    24, 931\u2013936 (2010).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-144410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]],"date-time":"2009-10-30T21:39:36Z","timestamp":1256938776000},"page":"931-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Paraoxonase 1 protects against protein\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010homocysteinylation in humans"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Perla\u2010Kaj\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey\u2010New Jersey Medical School International Center for Public Health Newark New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hieronim","family":"Jakubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey\u2010New Jersey Medical School International Center for Public Health Newark New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences Poznan Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"2007","volume-title":"The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease","author":"Mudd S. 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