{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T14:04:50Z","timestamp":1784642690633,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]],"date-time":"2009-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]],"date-time":"2009-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are heterogeneous rheumatic disorders of unknown cause characterized by muscle weakness, inflammatory cell infiltrates, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression on muscle fibers. The nonhistone nuclear protein alarmin high\u2010mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has been detected extranuclearly in muscle biopsies from patients with IIMs. We hypothesize that HMGB1 has a central role in the cause of muscle weakness, particularly in the early phases of IIMs. Experiments were performed on skeletal muscle fibers isolated from adult mice, which were exposed to recombinant interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 or HMGB1. The myoplasmic free [Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] was measured. Stimulation with IFN\u2010\u03b3 resulted in increased HMGB1 expression in muscle nuclei and the myoplasm. Exposure to HMGB1 induced a reversible up\u2010regulation of MHC class I in the muscle fibers. However, HMGB1 exposure caused an irreversible decrease in Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during fatigue, induced by repeated tetanic contractions. HMGB1 and MHC class I were frequently colocalized in the myoplasm of muscle fibers in muscle biopsies from patients with early IIMs. However, HMGB1\u2010expressing fibers outnumbered fibers expressing MHC class I. Our data indicate that HMGB1 could be an early inducer of skeletal muscle dysfunction in IIMs.\u2014Grundtman, C., Bruton, J., Yamada, T., \u00d6stberg, T., Pisetsky, D. S., Harris, H. E., Andersson, U., Lundberg, I. E., Westerblad, H. Effects of HMGB1 on\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    responses of isolated muscle fibers and functional aspects in skeletal muscles of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 24, 570\u2013578 (2010).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-144782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]],"date-time":"2009-10-16T21:08:52Z","timestamp":1255727332000},"page":"570-578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Effects of HMGB1 on\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    responses of isolated muscle fibers and functional aspects in skeletal muscles of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Grundtman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital\u2010Solna Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Bruton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karol\u00ednska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karol\u00ednska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese","family":"\u00d6stberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital\u2010Solna Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Pisetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Erlandsson","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital\u2010Solna Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska University Hospital\u2010Solna Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid E.","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital\u2010Solna Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Westerblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karol\u00ednska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90128-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Immune effector mechanisms in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"68","author":"Engel A. 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