{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:09:17Z","timestamp":1771466957401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Trypanosomatids are protozoan organisms that cause serious diseases, including African sleeping sickness, Chagas\u2019 disease, and leishmaniasis, affecting about 30 million people in the world. These parasites contain the unusual dithiol trypanothione [T(SH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] instead of glutathione (GSH) as the main intracellular reductant, and they have replaced the otherwise ubiquitous GSH\/glutathione reductase redox couple with a T(SH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/trypanothione reductase (TR) system. The reason for the existence of T(SH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in parasitic organisms has remained an enigma. Here, we show that T(SH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is able to intercept nitric oxide and labile iron and form a dinitrosyl\u2010iron complex with at least 600 times higher affinity than GSH. Accumulation of the paramagnetic dinitrosyl\u2010trypanothionyl iron complex\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    was observed in\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposed to nitric oxide. While the analogous dinitrosyl\u2010diglutathionyl iron complex formed in mammalian cells is a potent irreversible inhibitor of glutathione reductase (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    =4 |xM), the T(SH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    complex does not inactivate TR even at millimolar levels. The peculiar capacity of T(SH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    to sequester NO and iron in a harmless stable complex could explain the predominance of this thiol in parasites regularly exposed to NO.\u2014Bocedi, A., Dawood, K. F., Fabrini, R., Federici, G., Gradoni, L., Pedersen, J. Z., Ricci, G. Trypanothione efficiently intercepts nitric oxide as a harmless iron complex in trypanosomatid parasites.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    24, 1035\u20101042 (2010).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-146407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T22:07:00Z","timestamp":1259705220000},"page":"1035-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Trypanothione efficiently intercepts nitric oxide as a harmless iron complex in trypanosomatid parasites"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alessio","family":"Bocedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Rome Roma Tre Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Duke University Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kutayba F.","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Fabrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Federici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambin Ges\u00f9 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Gradoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Parasitic Immunomediated Diseases Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens Z.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome 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