{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:17:28Z","timestamp":1792570648855,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]],"date-time":"2010-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (the pneumococcus) kills ~1.6 million people annually. Pneumococcal infections predominantly manifest as pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, and otitis media.\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is also a member of the normal nasopharyngeal flora, colonizing up to 80% of children. Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) has been associated with both pneumococcal disease and transmission. However, to date no animal model has been available to investigate the role of IAV in the spread of\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here we investigate pneumococcal\u2010influenza synergism with a particular focus on the role of IAV on pneumococcal transmission. Infant mice were colonized with\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and subsequently infected with IAV 3 d later. Using this novel model we show increased pneumococcal colonization and disease in the presence of IAV. Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    imaging showed that IAV was essential for the transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    from colonized (\u201cindex\u201d) mice to their naive cohoused littermates (\u201ccontacts\u201d). Transmission occurred only when all mice were infected with IAV and was prevented when an IAV\u2010neutralizing antibody was used to inhibit IAV replication in either index mice or contact mice. Together, these data provide novel insights into pneumococcal\u2010influenza synergism and may indicate a previously unappreciated role of IAV in the spread of\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . \u2014Diavatopoulos, D. A, Short, K. R., Price, J. T., Wilksch, J. J., Brown, L. E., Briles, D. E., Strugnell, R. A, Wijburg, O. L. Influenza A virus facilitates\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission and disease.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 24, 1789\u20131798 (2010).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-146779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]],"date-time":"2010-01-22T22:12:50Z","timestamp":1264198370000},"page":"1789-1798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["Influenza A virus facilitates\n                    <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    transmission and disease"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dimitri A.","family":"Diavatopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty R.","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Wilksch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Briles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Strugnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odilia L.","family":"Wijburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"The Principles and Practice of Medicine","author":"Osler W.","year":"1901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Pneumococcal vaccines","volume":"78","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol. 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