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We performed loss of CMOI function studies in mice lacking retinol\u2010binding protein (RBP), an established model of embryonic vitamin A deficiency (VAD). We show that, unexpectedly, lack of CMOI in the developing tissues further exacerbates the severity of VAD and thus the embryonic malformations of RBP\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. Since \u03b2 \u2010carotene was not present in any of the mouse diets, we unveiled a novel action of CMOI independent from its \u03b2 \u2010carotene cleavage activity. We also show for the first time that CMOI exerts an additional function on retinoid metabolism by influencing retinyl ester formation\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    modulation of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity, at least in developing tissues. Finally, we demonstrate unequivocally that \u03b2\u2010carotene can serve as an alternative vitamin A source for the\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    synthesis of retinoids in developing tissues by the action of CMOI.\u2014Kim, Y.\u2010K., Wassef, L., Chung, S., Jiang, H., Wyss, A., Blaner, W. S., Quadro, L. \u03b2\u2010Carotene and its cleavage enzyme \u03b2\u2010carotene\u201015,15\u2032\u2010oxygenase (CMOI) affect retinoid metabolism in developing tissues.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    25, 1641\u20131652 (2011).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-175448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T23:21:24Z","timestamp":1296602484000},"page":"1641-1652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["\u03b2\u2010Carotene and its cleavage enzyme \u03b2\u2010carotene\u201015,15\u2032\u2010oxygenase (CMOI) affect retinoid metabolism in developing tissues"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Youn-Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Wassef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Wyss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSM Nutritional Products Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Blaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Quadro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.010402.102745E"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(06)75004-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. 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