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Recent studies suggest that PCOS could have fetal origins. Genetic studies of PCOS have also found linkage with a microsatellite located in intron 55 of the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin 3. Fibrillins regulate TGF\u2010\u03b2 bioactivity in tissues by binding latent TGF\u2010\u03b2 binding proteins. We therefore examined expression of fibrillins 1\u20103, latent TGF\u2010\u03b2 binding proteins 1\u20104, and TGF\u2010\u03b2 1\u20103 in bovine and human fetal ovaries at different stages of gestation and in adult ovaries. We also immunolocalized fibrillins 1 and 3. The results indicate that TGF\u2010\u03b2 pathways operate during ovarian fetal development, but most important, we show fibrillin 3 is present in the stromal compartments of fetal ovaries and is highly expressed at a critical stage early in developing human and bovine fetal ovaries when stroma is expanding and follicles are forming. These changes in expression of fibrillin 3 in the fetal ovary could lead to a predisposition to develop PCOS in later life.\u2014Hatzirodos, N., Bayne, R.\n                      <jats:italic>A.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Irving\u2010Rodgers, H. F., Hummitzsch, K., Sabatier, L., Lee, S., Bonner, W., Gibson, M.\n                      <jats:italic>A.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Rainey, W. E., Carr, B. R., Mason, H. D., Reinhardt, D. P., Anderson, R. A., Rodgers, R. J. Linkage of regulators of TGF\u2010\u03b2 activity in the fetal ovary to polycystic ovary syndrome.\n                      <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                      25, 2256\u20102265 (2011).\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-181099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]],"date-time":"2011-03-16T21:47:30Z","timestamp":1300312050000},"page":"2256-2265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Linkage of regulators of TGF\u2010\u03b2 activity in the fetal ovary to polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hatzirodos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Reproductive Health, 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