{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:02:20Z","timestamp":1792674140342,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,9]],"date-time":"2011-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0401438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0401438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) currently requires lesion identification by gadolinium (Gd)\u2010enhanced or\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, these methods only identify late\u2010stage pathology associated with blood\u2010brain barrier breakdown. There is a growing belief that more widespread, but currently undetectable, pathology is present in the MS brain. We have previously demonstrated that an anti\u2010VCAM\u20101 antibody conjugated to microparticles of iron oxide (VCAM\u2010MPIO) enables\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    detection of VCAM\u20101 by MRI. Here, in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS, we have shown that presymptomatic lesions can be quantified using VCAM\u2010MPIO when they are undetecTABLE by Gd\u2010enhancing MRI. Moreover, in symptomatic animals VCAM\u2010MPIO binding was present in all regions showing Gd\u2010DTPA enhancement and also in areas of no Gd\u2010DTPA enhancement, which were confirmed histologically to be regions of leukocyte infiltration. VCAM\u2010MPIO binding correlated significantly with increasing disability. Negligible MPIO\u2010induced contrast was found in either EAE animals injected with an equivalent nontargeted contrast agent (IgG\u2010MPIO) or in control animals injected with the VCAM\u2010MPIO. These findings describe a highly sensitive molecular imaging tool that may enable detection of currently invisible pathology in MS, thus accelerating diagnosis, guiding treatment, and enabling quantitative disease assessment.\u2014Serres, S., Mardiguian, S., Campbell, S. J., McAteer, M. A., Akhtar, A., Krapitchev, A., Choudhury, R. P., Anthony, D. C., Sibson, N. R. VCAM\u20101\u2010targeted magnetic resonance imaging reveals subclinical disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    25, 4415\u20134422 (2011).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-183772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,9]],"date-time":"2011-09-09T23:40:47Z","timestamp":1315611647000},"page":"4415-4422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["VCAM\u20101\u2010targeted magnetic resonance imaging reveals subclinical disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Serres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK\/Medical Research Council Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology Churchill Hospital  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvy","family":"Mardiguian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina A.","family":"McAteer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Krapitchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK\/Medical Research Council Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology Churchill Hospital  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin P.","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola R.","family":"Sibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK\/Medical Research Council Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology Churchill Hospital  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200206000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.11.2203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0406-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.6.539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1631"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806787106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1198","article-title":"A contrast agent recognizing activated platelets reveals murine cerebral malaria pathology undetectable by conventional MRI","volume":"118","author":"Von Zur Muhlen C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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