{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:50:40Z","timestamp":1792738240861,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,6]],"date-time":"2011-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1307318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mitochondrial superoxide flashes (mSOFs) are stochastic events of quantal mitochondrial superoxide generation. Here, we used flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibers from transgenic mice with muscle\u2010specific expression of a novel mitochondrial\u2010targeted superoxide biosensor (mt\u2010cpYFP) to characterize mSOF activity in skeletal muscle at rest, following intense activity, and under pathological conditions. Results demonstrate that mSOF activity in muscle depended on electron transport chain and adenine nucleotide translocase functionality, but it was independent of cyclophilin\u2010D\u2010mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore activity. The diverse spatial dimensions of individual mSOF events were found to reflect a complex underlying morphology of the mitochondrial network, as examined by electron microscopy. Muscle activity regulated mSOF activity in a biphasic manner. Specifically, mSOF frequency was significantly increased following brief tetanic stimulation (18.1 \u00b1 1.6 to 22.3\u00b12.0 flashes\/1000 \u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b7100 s before and after 5 tetani) and markedly decreased (to 7.7\u00b11.6 flashes\/1000 \u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b7100 s) following prolonged tetanic stimulation (40 tetani). A significant temperature\u2010dependent increase in mSOF frequency (11.9\u00b10.8 and 19.8\u00b12.6 flashes\/1000 \u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b7100 s at 23\u00b0C and 37\u00b0C) was observed in fibers from RYR1\n                      <jats:sup>Y522S\/WT<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice, a mouse model of malignant hyperthermia and heat\u2010induced hypermetabolism. Together, these results demonstrate that mSOF activity is a highly sensitive biomarker of mitochondrial respiration and the cellular metabolic state of muscle during physiological activity and pathological oxidative stress.\u2014Wei, L., Salahura, G., Boncompagni, S., Kasischke, K. A., Protasi, F., Sheu, S.\u2010S., Dirksen, R. T. Mitochondrial superoxide flashes: metabolic biomarkers of skeletal muscle activity and disease.\n                      <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                      25, 3068\u20133078 (2011).\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-187252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,7]],"date-time":"2011-06-07T00:30:41Z","timestamp":1307406641000},"page":"3068-3078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Mitochondrial superoxide flashes: metabolic biomarkers of skeletal muscle activity and disease"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gheorghe","family":"Salahura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Development and Disease University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Boncompagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Aging University Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Imaging University Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl A.","family":"Kasischke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Development and Disease University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York 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