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In this study, we provide the first direct evidence that a liver\u2010specific microRNA, miR\u2010122, binds to a highly conserved HBV pregenomic RNA sequence\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    base\u2010pairing interactions and inhibits HBV gene expression and replication. The miR\u2010122 target sequence is located at the coding region of the mRNA for the viral polymerase and the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA for the core protein. In cultured cells, HBV gene expression and replication reduces with increased expression of miR\u2010122, and the expression of miR\u2010122 decreases in the presence of HBV infection and replication. Furthermore, analyses of clinical samples demonstrated an inverse linear correlation\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    between the miR\u2010122 level and the viral loads in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HBV\u2010positive patients. Our results suggest that miR\u2010122 may down\u2010regulate HBV replication by binding to the viral target sequence, contributing to the persistent\/chronic infection of HBV, and that HBV\u2010induced modulation of miR\u2010122 expression may represent a mechanism to facilitate viral pathogenesis.\u2014Chen, Y., Shen, A., Rider, P. J., Yu, Y., Wu, K., Mu, Y., Hao, Q, Liu, Y., Gong, H., Zhu, Y., Liu, F., Wu, J. A liver\u2010specific microRNA binds to a highly conserved RNA sequence of hepatitis B virus and negatively regulates viral gene expression and replication.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    25, 4511\u20134521 (2011).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-187781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,9]],"date-time":"2011-09-09T11:26:50Z","timestamp":1315567610000},"page":"4511-4521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["A liver\u2010specific microRNA binds to a highly conserved RNA sequence of hepatitis B virus and negatively regulates viral gene expression and replication"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yanni","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences Wuhan Institutes of Biotechnology, Chinese\u2010French Liver Disease Research Institute at Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences Wuhan Institutes of Biotechnology, Chinese\u2010French Liver Disease Research Institute at Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology School of Public Health, University of California  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology School of Public Health, University of California  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences Wuhan Institutes of Biotechnology, Chinese\u2010French Liver Disease Research Institute at Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences Wuhan Institutes of Biotechnology, Chinese\u2010French Liver Disease Research Institute at Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences Wuhan Institutes of Biotechnology, Chinese\u2010French Liver 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