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In the present experiments, we examined the role of AMPK in phagocytosis. We found that ingestion of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    or apoptotic cells by macrophages increased AMPK activity. AMPK activation increased the ability of neutrophils or macrophages to ingest bacteria (by 46\u00b17.8 or 85\u00b126%, respectively, compared to control,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05) and the ability of macrophages to ingest apoptotic cells (by 21\u00b11.4%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05 compared to control). AMPK activation resulted in cytoskeletal reorganization, including enhanced formation of actin and microtubule networks. Activation of PAK1\/2 and WAVE2, which are downstream effectors of Rac1, accompanied AMPK activation. AMPK activation also induced phosphorylation of CLIP\u2010170, a protein that participates in microtubule synthesis. The increase in phagocytosis was reversible by the specific AMPK inhibitor compound C, siRNA to AMPK\u03b11, Rac1 inhibitors, or agents that disrupt actin or microtubule networks.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , AMPK activation resulted in enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria in the lungs by 75 \u00b1 5%\n                    <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                    . control (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05). These results demonstrate a novel function for AMPK in enhancing the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and macrophages.\u2014Bae, H. \u2010B., Zmijewski, J. W., Deshane, J. S., Tadie, J. \u2010M., Chaplin, D. D., Takashima, S., Abraham, E. AMP\u2010activated protein kinase enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and neutrophils.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    25, 4358\u20134368 (2011).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-190587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T20:59:20Z","timestamp":1314910760000},"page":"4358-4368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["AMP\u2010activated protein kinase enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hong\u2010Beom","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School  Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslaw W.","family":"Zmijewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessy S.","family":"Deshane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Marc","family":"Tadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Chaplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Current address: Wake Forest School of Medicine, 10th Floor, Richard Janeway Clinical Sciences Tower Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd.  Winston\u2010Salem NC 27157 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M708298200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000256090.42690.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3450437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.143685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.44.27879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.8.2420"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2004.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90210.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702182200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90599.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8633"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.3392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.29197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200710-1602OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01126.x","article-title":"Metformin inhibits HMGB1 release in LPS\u2010treated RAW 264.7 cells and increases survival rate of endotoxaemic mice","volume":"162","author":"Tsoyi K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. 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