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SE results from a failure of the normal mechanisms to terminate seizures; in particular, \u03b3\u2010amino butyric acid\u2010mediated inhibition, and benzodiazepine anticonvulsants are often incompletely effective. ATP acts as a fast neurotransmitter\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    ionotropic ligandgated P2X receptors. Here we report that SE induced by intra\u2010amygdala kainic acid in mice selectively increased hippocampal levels of P2X7 receptors relative to other P2X receptors. Using transgenic P2X7 reporter mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein, we identify dentate granule neurons as the major cell population transcribing the P2X7 receptor after SE. Pretreatment of mice with an intracerebroventricular microinjection of 1.75 nmol A438079, a P2X7 receptor antagonist, reduced seizure duration by 58% and reduced seizure\u2010induced neuronal death by 61%. Injection of brilliant blue G (1 pmol), another selective antagonist, reduced seizure duration by 48% and was also neuroprotective. A438079 was seizure\u2010suppressive when injected shortly after induction of SE, and coinjection of A438079 with lorazepam 60 min after triggering SE, when electrographic seizure\u2010responsiveness to lorazepam had decreased, also terminated SE. Our results suggest that P2X7 receptor antagonists may be a promising class of drug for seizure abrogation and neuroprotection in SE.\u2014Engel, T., Gomez\u2010Villafuertes, R., Tanaka, K., Mesuret, G., Sanz\u2010Rodriguez, A., Garcia\u2010Huerta, P., Miras\u2010Portugal, M. T., Henshall, D. C., Diaz\u2010Hernandez, M. Seizure suppression and neuroprotection by targeting the purinergic P2X7 receptor during status epilepticus in mice.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    26, 1616\u20101628 (2012).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-196089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,23]],"date-time":"2011-12-23T23:45:13Z","timestamp":1324683913000},"page":"1616-1628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Seizure suppression and neuroprotection by targeting the purinergic P2X7 receptor during status epilepticus in mice"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Engel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Gomez\u2010Villafuertes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV Veterinary Faculty Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Neuroquimica de la UCM Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Mie University School of Medicine Tsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Mesuret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaya","family":"Sanz\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Garcia\u2010Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV Veterinary Faculty Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Neuroquimica de la UCM Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Teresa","family":"Miras\u2010Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV Veterinary Faculty Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Neuroquimica de la UCM Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Henshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Diaz\u2010Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV Veterinary Faculty Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Neuroquimica de la UCM Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199512040-00003","article-title":"Epidemiology of status epilepticus","volume":"12","author":"De Lorenzo R. 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