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Here, we show that cGMP\u2010dependent protein kinase type I\u2010knock\u2010out (cGKI\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) mice are unable to respond to a physiological H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    stimulus with a HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    secretory response and spontaneously develop duodenal ulcerations. Smooth muscle\u2010selective cGKI knock\u2010in rescued the motility disturbance but not the defective HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    secretion. Proton\u2010induced HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    secretion was not attenuated by selective inactivation of the cGKI gene in interstitial cells of Cajal or in enterocytes, but was abolished by inactivation of cGKI in neurons (ncGKI\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). cGKI was expressed in the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius that connects the afferent with the efferent N. vagus. Accordingly, truncation of the subdiaphragmal N. vagus significantly diminished proton\u2010induced HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    secretion in wild\u2010type mice, whereas stimulation of the subdiaphragmal N. vagus elicited a similar HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    secretory response in cGKI\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    , ncGKI\n                    <jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup>\n                    and wild\u2010type mice. These findings show that protection of the duodenum from acid injury requires neuronal cGKI.\u2014Singh, A. K., Spie\u03b2berger, B., Zheng, W., Xiao, F., Lukowski, R., Wegener, J. W., Weinmeister, P., Saur, D., Klein, S., Schemann, M., Krueger, D., Seidler, U., Hofmann, F. Neuronal cGMP kinase I is essential for stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion by luminal acid.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    26, 1745\u20101754 (2012).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-200394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]],"date-time":"2012-01-17T22:36:21Z","timestamp":1326839781000},"page":"1745-1754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neuronal cGMP kinase I is essential for stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion by luminal acid"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anurag Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Spie\u03b2berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschergruppe 923 Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Lukowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Forschergruppe 923 Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg W.","family":"Wegener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschergruppe 923 Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Weinmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschergruppe 923 Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Saur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Biology Wissenschaftszentrum WeihenstephanTechnische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Freising\u2010Weihenstephan Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Biology Wissenschaftszentrum WeihenstephanTechnische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Freising\u2010Weihenstephan Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Seidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschergruppe 923 Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00102.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328330da7b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2008.01854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.411bb.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Duodenal intracellular bicarbonate and the \u2018CF paradox\u2019","volume":"2","author":"Kaunitz J. 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