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A low\u2010calorie, high\u2010fiber, fruit\u2010based nutrient\u2010dense bar of defined composition (\n                    <jats:italic>e.g<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., vitamins and minerals, fruit polyphenolics, \u03b2\u2010glucan, docosahexaenoic acid) appropriate for deconstruction and mechanistic studies is described and evaluated in a pilot trial. The bar was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Changes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk biomarkers were measured after 2 wk twice\u2010daily consumption of the bar, and compared against baseline controls in 25 healthy adults. Plasma HDL\u2010cholesterol (HDL\u2010c) increased 6.2% (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.001), due primarily to a 28% increase in large HDL (HDL\u2010L;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.0001). Total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) decreased 19% (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.017), and glutathione (GSH) increased 20% (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.011). The changes in HDL and Hcy are in the direction associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline; increased GSH reflects improved antioxidant defense. Changes in biomarkers linked to insulin resistance and inflammation were not observed. A defined food\u2010based supplement can, within 2 wk, positively impact metabolic biomarkers linked to disease risk. These results lay the groundwork for mechanistic\/deconstruction experiments to identify critical bar components and putative synergistic combinations responsible for observed effects.\u2014Mietus\u2010Snyder, M. L., Shigenaga, M. K., Suh, J. H., Shenvi, S. V., Lal, A., McHugh, T., Olson, D., Lilienstein, J., Krauss, R. M., Gildengoren, G., McCann, J. C., Ames, B. N. A nutrient\u2010dense, high\u2010fiber, fruit\u2010based supplement bar increases HDL cholesterol, particularly large HDL, lowers homocysteine, and raises glutathione in a 2\u2010wk trial.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    26, 3515\u20133527 (2012).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-201558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T22:21:00Z","timestamp":1335910860000},"page":"3515-3527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A nutrient\u2010dense, high\u2010fiber, fruit\u2010based supplement bar increases HDL cholesterol, particularly large HDL, lowers homocysteine, and raises glutathione in a 2\u2010wk 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