{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:47:52Z","timestamp":1791089272281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]],"date-time":"2012-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR043498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR043498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Deterioration of the immune and skeletal systems, each of which parallel obesity, reflects a fragile interrelationship between adiposity and osteoimmunology. Using a murine model of diet\u2010induced obesity, this study investigated the ability of mechanical signals to protect the skeletal\u2010immune systems at the tissue, cellular, and molecular level. A long\u2010term (7 mo) high\u2010fat diet increased total adiposity (+62%), accelerated age\u2010related loss of trabecular bone (\u201361%), and markedly reduced B\u2010cell number in the marrow (\u201352%) and blood (\u201336%) compared to mice fed a regular diet. In the final 4 mo of the protocol, the application of low\u2010magnitude mechanical signals (0.2 g at 90 Hz, 15 min\/d, 5 d\/wk) restored both bone structure and B cells to those levels measured in control mice fed a regular diet. These phenotypic outcomes were achieved, in part, by reductions in osteoclastic activity and a biasing of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation toward the lymphoid B\u2010cell lineage and away from a myeloid fate. These results emphasize that obesity undermines both the skeletal and immune systems, yet brief exposure to mechanical signals, perhaps as a surrogate to the salutary influence of exercise, diminishes the consequences of diabetes and obesity, restoring bone structure and normalizing B\u2010cell populations by biasing of the fate of stem cells through mechanosensitive pathways.\u2014Chan, M. E., Adler, B. J., Green, D. E., Rubin, C. T. Bone structure and B\u2010cell populations, crippled by obesity, are partially rescued by brief daily exposure to low\u2010magnitude mechanical signals.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    26, 4855\u20134863 (2012).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-209841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]],"date-time":"2012-08-16T22:34:11Z","timestamp":1345156451000},"page":"4855-4863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Bone structure and B\u2010cell populations, crippled by obesity, are partially rescued by brief daily exposure to low\u2010magnitude mechanical signals"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"M. Ete","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clinton T.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05252.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2010.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19920005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1381\/096089205774859308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0170-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"[Effect of dietary and\/or exercise intervention on incidence of diabetes in 530 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (from 1986\u20101992)]","volume":"34","author":"Pan X.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02207238","article-title":"The role of physical exercise in prevention and management of osteoporosis","volume":"8","author":"Dilsen G.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/08952841.2010.518866","article-title":"The effect of a multicomponent dual\u2010modality exercise program targeting osteoporosis on bone health status and physical function capacity of postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Tolomio S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Women Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019270108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708467104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080817"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011178","article-title":"Low\u2010level vibrations retain bone marrow's osteogenic potential and augment recovery of trabecular bone during reambulation","volume":"5","author":"Ozcivici E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(199810)20:10<837::AID-BIES9>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650101109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2009.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-008-9152-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2008.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-007-9063-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-09-115006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/44076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90079-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI35711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1672"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2002.5612"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(90)90086-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.06.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00709-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Is bone formation induced by high\u2010frequency mechanical signals modulated by muscle activity?","volume":"10","author":"Judex S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00199-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"The effects of age and dietary restriction without nutritional supplementation on whole bone structural properties in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"35","author":"Ferguson V. L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biomed. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.6.1044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-10-201111150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.732"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.11.6583"}],"container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.12-209841","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1096\/fj.12-209841","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.12-209841","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T01:35:44Z","timestamp":1761701744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1096\/fj.12-209841"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1096\/fj.12-209841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.12-209841","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-6638","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-6860","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-08-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-08-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}