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Here, we used primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the EA.hy926 cell line to study the molecular events that occur after dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) infection. DENV2\u2010induced apoptosis was confirmed using nuclear staining, TUNEL assay, and electron microscopy. A genome\u2010wide transcriptome analysis was performed using a microarray of DENV2\u2010infected HUVECs. Notably, interferon\u2010inducible genes were differentially expressed after DENV2 infection. Prominent among these genes was the X chromosome\u2010linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)\u2010associated factor 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>XAF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; up\u2010regulated 1.2\u2010fold in the microarray analysis and ~8\u2010fold by qRT\u2010PCR after DENV2 infection). XAF1 protein levels were up\u2010regulated after DENV2 infection in both HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells. Evidence indicated interaction between XAF1 and XIAP during DENV2 infection based on their cellular localization, as observed by confocal microscopy and the coimmunoprecipitation of XIAP with an anti\u2010XAF1 antibody. Next, recombinant EA.hy926 cell lines in which\n                    <jats:italic>XAF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was either knocked down or overexpressed were constructed. The expression levels of the apoptosis\u2010related genes caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, and poly\u2010(ADP\u2010ribose) polymerase (PARP) were down\u2010regulated in the\n                    <jats:italic>XAF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockdown (24\u201348 h postinfection) but were up\u2010regulated in\n                    <jats:italic>XAF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpressing cells (36 h postinfection). This is the first study of the role of XAF1 in promoting apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells after DENV2 infection.\u2014Long, X., Li, Y., Qi, Y., Xu, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, D., Zhang, L., Huang, J. XAF1 contributes to dengue virus\u2010induced apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    27, 1062\u20131073 (2013).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-213967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T08:24:39Z","timestamp":1354609479000},"page":"1062-1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["XAF1 contributes to dengue virus\u2010induced apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xigui","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Zhongshan School of Medicine Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Zhongshan School of Medicine Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Zhongshan School of Medicine Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Zhongshan School of Medicine Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Zhongshan School of Medicine Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duoduo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Zhongshan School of Medicine Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Zhongshan School of Medicine Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Zhongshan School of Medicine Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Recent Epidemiological Trends, the Global Strategy and Public Health Advances in Dengue: Report of the Scientific Working Group on Dengue","author":"Nathan M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1110265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.1.823-829.1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by dengue virus in vitro and in vivo","volume":"49","author":"Marianneau P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Cient. 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