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The underlying mechanisms remain undefined, but it is known that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), an adaptor protein critical for Toll\u2010like and IL\u20101 receptor family signaling, is involved. Here we addressed the question of determining in which cells the MyD88 signaling that results in anorexia development occurs by using chimeric mice and animals with cell\u2010specific deletions. We found that MyD88\u2010knockout mice, which are resistant to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced anorexia, displayed anorexia when transplanted with wild\u2010type bone marrow cells. Furthermore, mice with a targeted deletion of MyD88 in hematopoietic or myeloid cells were largely protected against LPS\u2010induced anorexia and displayed attenuated weight loss, whereas mice with MyD88 deletion in hepatocytes or in neural cells or the cerebrovascular endothelium developed anorexia and weight loss of similar magnitude as wild\u2010type mice. Furthermore, in a model for cancer\u2010induced anorexia\u2010cachexia, deletion of MyD88 in hematopoietic cells attenuated the anorexia and protected against body weight loss. These findings demonstrate that MyD88\u2010dependent signaling within the brain is not required for eliciting inflammation\u2010induced anorexia. Instead, we identify MyD88 signaling in hematopoietic\/myeloid cells as a critical component for acute inflammatory\u2010driven anorexia, as well as for chronic anorexia and weight loss associated with malignant disease.\u2014Ruud, J., Wilhelms, D. B., Nilsson, A., Eskilsson, A., Tang, Y.\u2010J., Str\u00f6hle, P., Caesar, R., Schwaninger, M., Wunderlich, T., B\u00e4ckhed, F., Engblom, D., Blomqvist, A. Inflammation\u2010 and tumor\u2010induced anorexia and weight loss require MyD88 in hematopoietic\/myeloid cells but not in brain endothelial or neural cells.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    27, 1973\u20131980 (2013).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-225433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,8]],"date-time":"2013-02-08T23:08:44Z","timestamp":1360364924000},"page":"1973-1980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Inflammation\u2010 and tumor\u2010induced anorexia and weight loss require MyD88 in hematopoietic\/myeloid cells but not in brain endothelial or neural cells"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Johan","family":"Ruud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Bj\u00f6rk","family":"Wilhelms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Eskilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010Juan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Str\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism Institute for Genetics Center of Molecular Medicine University of Cologne Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging\u2010Associated Diseases Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Caesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Schwaninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wunderlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism Institute for Genetics Center of Molecular Medicine University of Cologne Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging\u2010Associated Diseases Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"B\u00e4ckhed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Engblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Blomqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping 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