{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T02:40:44Z","timestamp":1793846444075,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]],"date-time":"2013-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sexual differences are only partially attributable to hormones. Cultured male or female cells, even from embryos before sexual differentiation, differ in gene expression and sensitivity to toxins, and these differences persist in isolated primary cells. Male and female cells from Swiss Webster CWF mice manifest sex\u2010distinct patterns of DNA methylation for X\u2010ist and for cytochrome P450 (CYP; family members 1a1, 2e1m, and 7b1. Dnmt3l is differentially expressed but not differentially methylated, and\n                    <jats:italic>Gapdh<\/jats:italic>\n                    is neither differentially methylated nor expressed. CYP family genes differ in expression in whole tissue homogenates and cell cultures, with female\n                    <jats:italic>Cyp<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression 2\u2010 to 355\u2010fold higher and\n                    <jats:italic>Dnmt3l<\/jats:italic>\n                    12\u2010 to 32\u2010fold higher in males. DNA methylation in the promoters of these genes is sex dimorphic; reducing methylation differences reduces to 1\u2010 to 6\u2010fold differences in the expression of these genes. Stress or estradiol alters both methylation and gene expression. We conclude that different methylation patterns partially explain the sex\u2010based differences in expression of CYP family members and X\u2010ist, which potentially leads to inborn differences between males and females and their different responses to chronic and acute changes. Sex\u2010differential methylation may have medical effects.\u2014Penaloza, C.G., Estevez, B., Han, D.M., Norouzi, M., Lockshin, R.A., Zakeri, Z. Sex\u2010dependent regulation of cytochrome P450 family members Cyp1a1, Cyp2e1, and Cyp7b1 by methylation of DNA.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    28, 966\u2013977 (2014).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-233320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]],"date-time":"2013-10-25T23:59:05Z","timestamp":1382745545000},"page":"966-977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Sex\u2010dependent regulation of cytochrome P450 family members Cyp1a1, Cyp2e1, and Cyp7b1 by methylation of DNA"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Carlos G.","family":"Penaloza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College City University of New York Flushing New York USA"},{"name":"Graduate Center City University of New York Flushing New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Estevez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College City University of New York Flushing New York USA"},{"name":"Graduate Center City University of New York Flushing New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinah M.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College City University of New York Flushing New York USA"},{"name":"Graduate Center City University of New York Flushing New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Norouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College City University of New York Flushing New York USA"},{"name":"Graduate Center City University of New York Flushing New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Lockshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College City University of New York Flushing New York USA"},{"name":"Graduate Center City University of New York Flushing New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Zakeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College City University of New York Flushing New York USA"},{"name":"Graduate Center City University of New York Flushing New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.11.024","article-title":"The X chromosome and the sex ratio of autoimmunity","volume":"11","author":"Selmi C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun. 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