{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:05:54Z","timestamp":1774670754331,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]],"date-time":"2013-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000317","name":"Action Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SP4275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP4275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Myometrial contraction is a central feature of labor. Although a link between infection and preterm labor is widely accepted, surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms coupling infection\u2010induced inflammation to myocyte contractile machinery. This study explores the myocyte response to pathogen\u2010derived ligands\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The pregnant human myometrial cell line PHM1\u201041 and primary cultured uterine myocytes responded to Toll\u2010like receptor (TLR) ligands, including the bacterial wall component LPS, which at 100 ng\/ml increased contraction of cells embedded within collagen gels over 72 h compared to PBS. LPS\u2010treated myocytes secreted inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin F2\u03b1, the cytokines TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106, and a range of chemokines. The contractile response to LPS required TLR4 signaling and was independent of prostaglandin synthesis. Neutralizing TNF\u2010\u03b1 had no effect on LPS\u2010mediated contraction; however, the Rho\u2010associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors Y\u201027632 (10 \u03bcM) and GSK\u2010269962 (50 nM) both abrogated the contractile response. The finding of LPS\u2010mediated contraction was supported by a 1.38 \u00b1 0.072\u2010fold (mean\u00b1SE) increase in myosin light\u2010chain phosphorylation 48 h post\u2010treatment, assessed by in\u2010cell Western blot analysis. Together, these data suggest that, in addition to modulating the local inflammatory environment, pathogen\u2010derived ligands may directly promote myometrial contractility\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    Rho\/ROCK signaling, thus contributing to preterm labor\u2010mediated preterm birth.\u2014Hutchinson, J. L., Rajagopal, S. P., Yuan, M., Norman, J. E. Lipopolysaccharide promotes contraction of uterine myocytes\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    activation of Rho\/ROCK signaling pathways.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 28, 94\u2013105 (2014).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-237040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,28]],"date-time":"2013-09-28T01:13:59Z","timestamp":1380330839000},"page":"94-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide promotes contraction of uterine myocytes\n                    <i>via<\/i>\n                    activation of Rho\/ROCK signaling pathways"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"James 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