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Current supportive therapy with corticosteroids results in a modest increase in strength as a consequence of a general reduction in inflammation, albeit with potential untoward long\u2010term side effects and ultimate failure of the agent to maintain strength. Here, we demonstrate that alternative approaches that rescue defective autophagy in\n                    <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, with the use of rapamycin\u2010loaded nanoparticles induce a reproducible increase in both skeletal muscle strength and cardiac contractile performance that is not achievable with conventional oral rapamycin, even in pharmacological doses. This increase in physical performance occurs in both young and adult mice, and, surprisingly, even in aged wild\u2010type mice, which sets the stage for consideration of systemic therapies to facilitate improved cell function by autophagic disposal of toxic byproducts of cell death and regeneration.\u2014Bibee, K. P., Cheng, Y.\u2010J., Ching, J. K., Marsh, J. N., Li, A. J., Keeling, R. M., Connolly, A. M., Golumbek, P. T., Myerson, J. W., Hu, G., Chen, J., Shannon, W. D., Lanza, G. M., Weihl, C. C., Wickline, S. A. Rapamycin nanoparticles target defective autophagy in muscular dystrophy to enhance both strength and cardiac function.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 28, 2047\u20132061 (2014).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-237388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T02:29:13Z","timestamp":1391653753000},"page":"2047-2061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Rapamycin nanoparticles target defective autophagy in muscular dystrophy to enhance both strength and cardiac function"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kristin P.","family":"Bibee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Research in Advanced 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