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Here, we used a\n                    <jats:italic>Cre\u2010loxP<\/jats:italic>\n                    approach to determine the necessity for SMAD2 and\/or SMAD3 in FSH synthesis\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Surprisingly, mice with conditional mutations in both\n                    <jats:italic>Smad2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Smad3<\/jats:italic>\n                    specifically in gonadotrope cells are fertile and produce FSH at quantitatively normal levels. Notably, however, we discovered that the recombined\n                    <jats:italic>Smad3<\/jats:italic>\n                    allele produces a transcript that encodes the entirety of the SMAD3 C\u2010terminal Mad homology 2 (MH2) domain. This protein behaves similarly to full\u2010length SMAD3 in\n                    <jats:italic>Fshb<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcriptional assays. As the truncated protein lacks the N\u2010terminal Mad homology 1 (MH1) domain, these results show that SMAD3 DNA\u2010binding activity as well as SMAD2 are dispensable for normal FSH synthesis\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Furthermore, the observation that deletion of proximal exons does not remove all SMAD3 function may facilitate interpretation of divergent phenotypes previously described in different\n                    <jats:italic>Smad3<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mouse lines.\u2014Fortin, J., Boehm, U., Weinstein, M. B., Graff, J. M., Bernard, D. J. Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone synthesis and fertility are intact in mice lacking SMAD3 DNA binding activity and SMAD2 in gonadotrope cells.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    28, 1474\u20131485 (2014).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-237818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,6]],"date-time":"2013-12-06T00:07:24Z","timestamp":1386288444000},"page":"1474-1485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone synthesis and fertility are intact in mice lacking SMAD3 DNA binding activity and SMAD2 in gonadotrope cells"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Fortin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Saarland School of Medicine Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Graff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology University of Texas Southwestern Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0297-201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.21.5.0409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.21.7217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/321779a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chemical and biological characterization of the inhibin family of protein hormones","volume":"44","author":"Vale W.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Recent. 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