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Epigenetic mechanisms are highly tissue specific, however, and it is unclear whether the variation observed in one of the tissue types is representative of other sources or whether the variation in DNA methylation is distinct, reflecting potential functional differences across tissues. To assess relations between DNA methylation in various samples from newborns and children in early infancy, we measured promoter or gene\u2010body DNA methylation in matched term placenta, cord blood, and 3\u20136 mo saliva samples from 27 unrelated infants enrolled in the Rhode Island Child Health Study. We investigated 7 gene loci (\n                    <jats:italic>KLF15<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>LEP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>DEPTOR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>DDIT4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HSD11B2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>CEBPB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and global methylation, using repetitive region\n                    <jats:italic>LINE\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ALUYb8<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences. We observed a great degree of interlocus, intertissue, and interindividual epigenetic variation in most of the analyzed loci. In correlation analyses, only cord blood\n                    <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter methylation correlated negatively with methylation in saliva. We conclude that placenta, cord blood, and saliva cannot be used as a substitute for one another to evaluate DNA methylation at these loci during infancy. Each tissue has a unique epigenetic signature that likely reflects their differential functions. Future studies should consider the uniqueness of these features, to improve epigenetic biomarker discovery and translation.\u2014Armstrong, D. A., Lesseur, C., Conradt, E., Lester, B. M., Marsit, C. J. Global and gene\u2010specific DNA methylation across multiple tissues in early infancy: implications for children's health research.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 28, 2088\u20132097 (2014).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-238402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T23:16:06Z","timestamp":1391037366000},"page":"2088-2097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Global and gene\u2010specific DNA methylation across multiple tissues in early infancy: implications for children's health research"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Lesseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Conradt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk Brown Alpert Medical School Providence Rhode Island USA"},{"name":"Women and Infants Hospital Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry M.","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk Brown Alpert Medical School Providence Rhode Island USA"},{"name":"Women and Infants Hospital Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen J.","family":"Marsit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA"},{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2651"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2495-2_7","volume-title":"Epigenetic Epidemiology","author":"Michels K. 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