{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:20:27Z","timestamp":1788916827141,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chronic exposure to hypoxia raises the risk of pregnancy disorders characterized by maternal vascular dysfunction and diminished fetal growth. In an effort to identify novel pathways for these hypoxia\u2010related effects, we assessed gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 43 female, high\u2010altitude or sea\u2010level residents in the nonpregnant state or during pregnancy (20 or 36 wk). Hypoxia\u2010related fetal growth restriction becomes apparent between 25 and 29 wk of gestation and continues until delivery. Our sampling strategy was designed to capture changes occurring before (20 wk) and during (36 wk) the time frame of slowed fetal growth. PBMC gene expression profiles were generated using human gene expression microarrays and compared between altitudes. Biological pathways were identified using pathway analysis. Modest transcriptional differences were observed between altitudes in the nonpregnant state. Of the genes that were differentially expressed at high altitude\n                    <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                    sea level during pregnancy (20 wk: 59 probes mapped to 41 genes; 36 wk: 985 probes mapped to 700 genes), several are of pathological relevance for fetal growth restriction. In particular, transcriptional changes were consistent with the negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) at high altitude; such effects were accompanied by reduced birth weight (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05) and head circumference (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01) at high altitude\n                    <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                    sea level. Our findings indicate that chronic exposure to hypoxia during pregnancy alters maternal gene expression patterns in general and, in particular, expression of key genes involved in metabolic homeostasis that have been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction.\u2014Julian, C. G., Yang, I. V., Browne, V. A., Vargas, E., Rodriguez, C., Pedersen, B. S., Moore, L. G., Schwartz, D. A. Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor \u03b3: a potential link between chronic maternal hypoxia and impaired fetal growth.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    28, 1268\u20131279 (2014).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-239749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T22:02:58Z","timestamp":1386194578000},"page":"1268-1279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor \u03b3: a potential link between chronic maternal hypoxia and impaired fetal growth"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Colleen G.","family":"Julian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine University of Colorado\u2013Denver Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana V.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado\u2013Denver Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaughn A.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado\u2013Denver Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bolivian Institute of High Altitude Biology La Paz Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Siran\u00ed Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent S.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado\u2013Denver Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna G.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Colorado\u2013Denver Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado\u2013Denver Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.109579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70611-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000069846.64389.DC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Preeclampsia","author":"Villar K.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02800-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0815"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00485.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147949"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hy1201.097305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110380061","article-title":"Do cytokines contribute to the Andean\u2010associated protection from reduced fetal growth at high altitude?","volume":"18","author":"Davila R. 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