{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:15:53Z","timestamp":1794050153090,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]],"date-time":"2014-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nontypeable\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (NTHI), a common colonizer of lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can enhance expression of the cellular receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM\u20101), which in turn can be used by major group human rhinoviruses (HRVs) for attachment. Here, we evaluated the effect of NTHI\u2010induced up\u2010regulation of ICAM\u20101 on viral replication and inflammatory responses toward different respiratory viruses. Therefore, human bronchial epithelial cells were pretreated with heat\u2010inactivated NTHI (hi\u2010NTHI) and subsequently infected with either HRV16 (major group), HRV1B (minor group), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Pretreatment with hi\u2010NTHI significantly up\u2010regulated ICAM\u20101 in BEAS\u20102B cells and primary bronchial epithelial cells. Concomitantly, release of infectious HRV16 particles was increased in cells pretreated with hi\u2010NTHI. Pretreatment with hi\u2010NTHI also caused a significant increase in HRV16 RNA, whereas replication of HRV1B and RSV were increased to a far lesser extent and only at later time points. Interestingly, release of IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 after RSV, but not HRV, infection was synergistically increased in hi\u2010NTHI\u2010pretreated BEAS 2B cells. In summary, exposure to hi\u2010NTHI significantly enhanced sensitivity toward HRV16 but not HRV1B or RSV, probably through ICAM\u20101 up\u2010regulation. Furthermore, hi\u2010NTHI pretreatment may enhance the inflammatory response to RSV infection, suggesting that preexisting bacterial infections might exaggerate inflammation during secondary viral infection.\u2014Gulraiz, F., Bellinghausen, C., Bruggeman, C. A., Stassen, F. R.,\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    increases the susceptibility and inflammatory response of airway epithelial cells to viral infections. FASEB J. 29, 849\u2013858 (2015).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-254359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]],"date-time":"2014-11-20T02:27:53Z","timestamp":1416450473000},"page":"849-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["<i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i>\n                    increases the susceptibility and inflammatory response of airway epithelial cells to viral infections"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Fahad","family":"Gulraiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Rellinghausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrien A.","family":"Bruggeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank R.","family":"Stassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90098-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165557"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Job satisfaction and short sickness absence due to the common cold","volume":"39","author":"Roelen C. 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