{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:29:04Z","timestamp":1790753344521,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]],"date-time":"2014-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a significant cause of otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we characterize a phase\u2010variable DNA methyltransferase (ModM), which contains 5\u2032\u2010CAAC\u20103\u2032 repeats in its open reading frame that mediate high\u2010frequency mutation resulting in reversible on\/off switching of ModM expression. Three\n                    <jats:italic>modM<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleles have been identified (\n                    <jats:italic>modM1\u20133<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), with\n                    <jats:italic>modM2<\/jats:italic>\n                    being the most commonly found allele. Using single\u2010molecule, real\u2010time (SMRT) genome sequencing and methylome analysis, we have determined that the ModM2 methylation target is 5\u2032\u2010GAR\n                    <jats:sup>m6<\/jats:sup>\n                    AC\u20103\u2032, and 100% of these sites are methylated in the genome of the\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    25239 ModM2 on strain. Proteomic analysis of ModM2 on and off variants revealed that ModM2 regulates expression of multiple genes that have potential roles in colonization, infection, and protection against host defenses. Investigation of the distribution of\n                    <jats:italic>modM<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleles in a panel of\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains, isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy children or middle ear effusions from patients with otitis media, revealed a statistically significant association of\n                    <jats:italic>modM3<\/jats:italic>\n                    with otitis media isolates. The modulation of gene expression\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    the ModM phase\u2010variable regulon (phasevarion), and the significant association of the\n                    <jats:italic>modM3<\/jats:italic>\n                    allele with otitis media, suggests a key role for ModM phasevarions in the pathogenesis of this organism.\u2014Blakeway, L. V., Power, P. M., Jen, F., E.\u2010C., Worboys, S. R., Boitano, M., Clark, T. A., Korlach, J., Bakaletz, L. O., Jennings, M. P., Peak, I. R., Seib, K. L., ModM DNA methyltransferase methylome analysis reveals a potential role for\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    phasevarions in otitis media. FASEB J. 28, 5197\u20135207 (2014).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-256578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T01:45:29Z","timestamp":1409708729000},"page":"5197-5207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["ModM DNA methyltransferase methylome analysis reveals a potential role for\n                    <i>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/i>\n                    phasevarions in otitis media"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Luke V.","family":"Blakeway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freda E.\u2010C.","family":"Jen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam R.","family":"Worboys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Boitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Biosciences Menlo Park California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyson A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Biosciences Menlo Park California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Korlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Biosciences Menlo Park California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren O.","family":"Bakaletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"Peak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Science Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate L.","family":"Seib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520440052036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516477"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/525856"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.6.1312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ambulatory health care visits by children: principal diagnosis and place of visit","volume":"13","author":"Freid V. 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