{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:15:45Z","timestamp":1792174545283,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) decreases serum IGF\u20101 levels. Postnatal IGF\u20101 expression is transcriptionally regulated by growth hormone (GH) through growth hormone response elements (GHREs). We hypothesized that IUGR disrupts the normal developmental maturation of hepatic IGF\u20101 intron 2 growth hormone response element (IN2GHRE) histone methylation of key lysines and DNA methylation. We also evaluated a 5\u2018 distal weak enhancer (IGF\u201015\u2018\u2010upstream region growth hormone response element; 5URGHRE) as a GHRE specificity control. IUGR was induced through a well\u2010characterized model of bilateral uterine artery ligation of the pregnant rat. Offspring livers were tested at d 0 and 21. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and bisulfite sequencing quantified epigenetic characteristics. We found that distinct age\u2010related developmental patterns of histone and DNA methylation characterize each GHRE. Development increased H3K4 trimethylation (me3) in both GHREs. However, H3K9me3 decreased with age at IN2GHRE and increased with age at 5URGHRE. IUGR altered the developmental pattern of H3K4me3 and K9me3 around the GHREs in a sex\u2010specific manner at d 21. Developmental and IUGR\u2010induced DNA methylation occurred in a GHRE\u2010, CpG site\u2010, and sex\u2010specific manner. We conclude that IUGR disrupts developmental epigenetics around distal GHREs on the rat hepatic IGF\u20101 gene.\u2014Fu, Q., McKnight, R. A., Callaway, C. W., Yu, X., Lane, R. H., Majnik, A. V. Intrauterine growth restriction disrupts developmental epigenetics around distal growth hormone response elements on the rat hepatic IGF\u20101 gene.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    29, 1176\u20101184 (2015).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-258442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T22:28:12Z","timestamp":1417559292000},"page":"1176-1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Intrauterine growth restriction disrupts developmental epigenetics around distal growth hormone response elements on the rat hepatic IGF\u20101 gene"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"McKnight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Callaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber V.","family":"Majnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.5.1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(03)00145-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000144309.87183.FB"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.01.020","article-title":"Insulin and insulin\u2010like growth factor receptors in the brain: physiological and pathological aspects [Epub ahead of print]","author":"Werner H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. 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