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The purpose of our study was to investigate liver fibrosis in conventional and germ\u2010free (GF) C57BL\/6 mice. Chronic liver injury was induced by administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in the drinking water for 21 wk or by repeated intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Increased liver fibrosis was observed in GF mice compared with conventional mice. Hepatocytes showed more toxin\u2010induced oxidative stress and cell death. This was accompanied by increased activation of hepatic stellate cells, but hepatic mediators of inflammation were not significantly different. Similarly, a genetic model using Myd88\/Trif\u2010deficient mice, which lack downstream innate immunity signaling, had more severe fibrosis than wild\u2010type mice. Isolated Myd88\/Trif\u2010deficient hepatocytes were more susceptible to toxin\u2010induced cell death in culture. In conclusion, the commensal microbiota prevents fibrosis upon chronic liver injury in mice. This is the first study describing a beneficial role of the commensal microbiota in maintaining liver homeostasis and preventing liver fibrosis.\u2014Mazagova, M., Wang, L., Anfora, A. T., Wissmueller, M., Lesley, S. A., Miyamoto, Y., Eckmann, L., Dhungana, S., Pathmasiri, W., Sumner, S., Westwater, C., Brenner, D. A., Schnabl, B., Commensal microbiota is hepatoprotective and prevents liver fibrosis in mice. 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