{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T20:10:27Z","timestamp":1794427827730,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,5]],"date-time":"2015-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Body surface area (BSA) scaling has been used for prescribing individualized dosages of various drugs and has also been recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as one method for using data from animal model species to establish safe starting dosages for first\u2010in\u2010human clinical trials. Although BSA conversion equations have been used in certain clinical applications for decades, recent recommendations to use BSA to derive interspecies equivalents for therapeutic dosages of drug and natural products are inappropriate. A thorough review of the literature reveals that BSA conversions are based on antiquated science and have little justification in current translational medicine compared to more advanced allometric and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Misunderstood and misinterpreted use of BSA conversions may have disastrous consequences, including underdosing leading to abandonment of potentially efficacious investigational drugs, and unexpected deadly adverse events. We aim to demonstrate that recent recommendations for BSA are not appropriate for animal\u2010to\u2010human dosage conversions and use pharmacokinetic data from resveratrol studies to demonstrate how confusion between the \u201chuman equivalent dose\u201d and \u201cpharmacologically active dose\u201d can lead to inappropriate dose recommendations. To optimize drug development, future recommendations for interspecies scaling must be scientifically justified using physiologic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicology data rather than simple BSA conversion.\u2014Blanchard, O. L., Smoliga, J. M. Translating dosages from animal models to human clinical trials\u2014revisiting body surface area scaling.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    29, 1629\u20101634 (2015).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-269043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T02:00:59Z","timestamp":1423188059000},"page":"1629-1634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Translating dosages from animal models to human clinical trials\u2014revisiting body surface area scaling"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Otis L.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilmore Labs Limited Liability Company San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Smoliga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy School of Health Sciences, High Point University High Point North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, High Point University High Point North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Guidance for Industry and Reviewers: Estimating the Safe Starting Dose in Clinical Trials for Therapeutics in Adult Healthy Volunteers, Draft Guidance","author":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010639201787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.24.1883"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2006.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.065706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/401873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1947.27.4.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/systems2020186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"1524","article-title":"Energy metabolism, body size, and problems of scaling","volume":"29","author":"Schmidt-Nielsen K.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Fed. 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