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In vertebrates, the terminal sugars of the glycocalyx are often sialic acids, 9\u2010carbon backbone anionic sugars implicated in intermolecular and intercellular interactions. The vertebrate brain is particularly enriched in sialic acid\u2010containing glycolipids termed gangliosides. Human congenital disorders of ganglioside biosynthesis result in paraplegia, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. To better understand sialoglycan functions in the nervous system, we studied brain anatomy, histology, biochemistry, and behavior in mice with engineered mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>St3gal2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>St3gal3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , sialyltransferase genes responsible for terminal sialylation of gangliosides and some glycoproteins.\n                    <jats:italic>St3gal2\/3<\/jats:italic>\n                    double\u2010null mice displayed dysmyelination marked by a 40% reduction in major myelin proteins, 30% fewer myelinated axons, a 33% decrease in myelin thickness, and molecular disruptions at nodes of Ranvier. In part, these changes may be due to dysregulation of ganglioside\u2010mediated oligodendroglial precursor cell proliferation. Neuronal markers were also reduced up to 40%, and hippocampal neurons had smaller dendritic arbors. Young adult\n                    <jats:italic>St3gal2\/3<\/jats:italic>\n                    double\u2010null mice displayed impaired motor coordination, disturbed gait, and profound cognitive disability. Comparisons among sialyltransferase mutant mice provide insights into the functional roles of brain gangliosides and sialoglycoproteins consistent with related human congenital disorders.\u2014Yoo, S.\u2010W., Motari, M. G., Susuki, K., Prendergast, J., Mountney, A., Hurtado, A., Schnaar, R. L. Sialylation regulates brain structure and function.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 29, 3040\u20103053 (2015).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-270983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T21:23:12Z","timestamp":1428355392000},"page":"3040-3053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Sialylation regulates brain structure and function"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Seung\u2010Wan","family":"Yoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary G.","family":"Motari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichiro","family":"Susuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mountney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Hugo W. 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