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We hypothesized that HIV\u20101 may regulate pathways that control synthesis of biomolecules in the cell. In this study, we provide evidence that HIV\u20101 hyperactivates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the central regulator of biosynthesis. Mechanistically, we identify the viral regulatory gene\n                    <jats:italic>tat<\/jats:italic>\n                    (transactivator) as being responsible for increasingm TORC1 activity in aPI3K\u2010dependentmanner. Furthermore, we show that hyperactivation of mTORC1 leads to activation of the enzyme, carbamoyl\u2010phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, dihydroorotase, and repression of initiation factor 4E\u2010binding protein 1 activity. These are regulators of nucleotide biogenesis and protein translation, respectively. Moreover, we are able to replicate these results inHIV\u20101 latent cell line models. Finally, we show that inhibition of mTORC1or PI3K inhibits viral replication and viral reactivation as a result of a decrease in biosynthesis. Overall, our study identifies a new avenue in HIV\u20101 biology that can lead to development of novel therapeutic targets.\u2014Kumar, B., Arora, S., Ahmed, S., Banerjea, A. C. Hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 by HIV\u20101 is necessary for virion production and latent viral reactivation. FASEB J. 31, 180\u2013191 (2017)\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600813r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T22:39:08Z","timestamp":1475620748000},"page":"180-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 by HIV\u20101 is necessary for virion production and latent viral reactivation"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Binod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology National Institute of Immunology  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakshi","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology National Institute of Immunology  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaista","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology National Institute of Immunology  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhil C.","family":"Banerjea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology National Institute of Immunology  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9141","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00619-14","article-title":"HIV\u20101 Vpr redirects host ubiquitination pathway","volume":"88","author":"Arora S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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