{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:00:38Z","timestamp":1791079238221,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal smoke exposure results in fetal lung growth retardation due to dysregulation in various signaling pathways, including the Wnt (wingless\u2010related integration site)\/\u03b2\u2010catenin pathway. Pregnant female C57BL\/6J mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (100\u2013150 mg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) or room air, and offspring were humanely killed on 12.5, 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5 d\n                    <jats:italic>post coitum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (dpc). We assessed lung stereology with Cavalieri estimation; apoptosis with proliferating cell nuclear antigen, TUNEL, and caspase assays; and gene expression with quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RNA sequencing on lung epithelium and mesenchyme retrieved by laser capture microdissection. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in body weight and lung volume of smoke\u2010exposed embryos. At 16.5 dpc, the reduction in lung volume was due to loss of lung mesenchymal tissue correlating with a decrease in cell proliferation (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 10; air: 61.65% vs. smoke: 44.21%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). RNA sequence analysis demonstrated an alteration in the Wnt pathway, and qPCR confirmed an increased expression of secreted frizzled\u2010related protein 1 (sFRP\u20101) [\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12; relative quantification (RQ) 1 vs. 2.33,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05] and down\u2010regulation of Cyclin D1 (n = 7; RQ 1 vs. 0.61, P &lt; 0.05) in mesenchymal tissue. Furthermore, genome expression studies revealed a smoke\u2010induced up\u2010regulation of Rho\u2010GTPase\u2010dependent actin cytoskeletal signaling that can lead to loss of tissue integrity.\u2014Unachukwu, U., Trischler, J., Goldklang, M., Xiao, R., D'Armiento, J. Maternal smoke exposure decreases mesenchymal proliferation and modulates Rho\u2010GTPase\u2010dependent actin cytoskeletal signaling in fetal lungs. FASEB J. 31, 2340\u20132351 (2017).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201601063r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T20:25:26Z","timestamp":1487276726000},"page":"2340-2351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Maternal smoke exposure decreases mesenchymal proliferation and modulates Rho\u2010GTPase\u2010dependent actin cytoskeletal signaling in fetal lungs"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Uchenna","family":"Unachukwu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Disease Department of Anesthesiology College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Disease Department of 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