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We investigated whether the chronic BP and metabolic actions of leptin are differentially modulated by changes in ambient temperature (\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), BT, motor activity (MA), and oxygen consumption (\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were measured 24 h\/d at normal laboratory\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (23\u00b0C), at thermoneutral zone (TNZ, 30\u00b0C) for mice or during cold exposure (15\u00b0C) in male wild\u2010type mice. After control measurements, leptin (4 mg\/kg\/min) or saline vehicle was infused for 7 d. At TNZ, leptin reduced food intake (\u201011.0 6 0.5 g cumulative deficit) and body weight by 6% but caused no changes in MAP or HR. At 15\u00b0C, leptin infusion did not alter food intake but increased MAP and HR (8 6 1 mmHg and 33 6 7 bpm), while\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased by \u223c10%. Leptin reduced plasma glucose and insulin levels at 15\u00b0C but not at 30\u00b0C. These results demonstrate that the chronic anorexic effects of leptin are enhanced at TNZ, while its effects on insulin and glucose levels are attenuated and its effects on BP and HR are abolished. Conversely, cold\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    caused resistance to leptin's anorexic effects but amplified its effects to raise BP and reduce insulin and glucose levels. Thus, the brain circuits by which leptin regulates food intake and cardiovascular function are differentially influenced by changes in\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014Do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., Romero, D. G., Hall, J. E. Changes in ambient temperature elicit divergent control of metabolic and cardiovascular actions by leptin. FASEB J. 31, 2418\u20132428 (2017).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201601224r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T20:50:17Z","timestamp":1487796617000},"page":"2418-2428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Changes in ambient temperature elicit divergent control of metabolic and cardiovascular actions by leptin"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jussara M.","family":"do Carmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research Cardiovascular\u2013Renal Research Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre A.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research Cardiovascular\u2013Renal Research Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"},{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio Bar\u00e3o de Mau\u00e1  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damian G.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Mississippi Medical Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research Cardiovascular\u2013Renal Research Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200113914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909163411204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.305697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.5999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35078085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00535.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.113175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1998.275.2.E259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00313.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00184","article-title":"Molecules affecting hypothalamic control of core body temperature in response to calorie intake","volume":"3","author":"Bartfai T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. 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