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However, cellular sources for these autacoids within the vessel wall remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether isolated vascular cells and tissues can produce SPMs and assessed expression and subcellular localization of the key SPM biosynthetic enzyme 5\u2010lipoxygenase (LOX) in vascular cells. Intact human arteries incubated with DHA\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    produced 17\u2010hydroxy DHA (17\u2010HDHA) and D\u2010series resolvins, as assessed by liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry. Addition of 17\u2010HDHA to human arteries similarly increased resolvin production. Primary cultures of human saphenous vein endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) converted 17\u2010HDHA to SPMs, including resolvin D1 (RvD1) and other D\u2010series resolvins and protectins. This was accompanied by a rapid translocation of 5\u2010LOX from nucleus to cytoplasm in both ECs and VSMCs, potentially facilitating SPM biosynthesis. Conditioned medium from cells exposed to 17\u2010HDHA inhibited monocyte adhesion to TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2013stimulated EC monolayers. These downstream effects were partially reversed by antibodies against the RvD1 receptors ALX\/FPR2 and GPR32. These results suggest that autocrine and\/or paracrine signaling\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    locally generated SPMs in the vasculature may represent a novel homeostatic mechanism of relevance to vascular health and disease.\u2014Chatterjee, A., Komshian, S., Sansbury, B. E., Wu, B., Mottola, G., Chen, M., Spite, M., Conte, M. S. Biosynthesis of proresolving lipid mediators by vascular cells and tissues.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 31, 3393\u20133402 (2017).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700082r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T21:00:29Z","timestamp":1493154029000},"page":"3393-3402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Biosynthesis of proresolving lipid mediators by vascular cells and tissues"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Anuran","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevan","family":"Komshian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian E.","family":"Sansbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Mottola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Spite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"The pathophysiology and burden of restenosis","volume":"3","author":"Weintraub W. 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