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The fatal events of SIDS are characterized by severe bradycardia and life\u2010threatening apneas. Although activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) of superior laryngeal C fibers (SLCFs) could induce bradycardia and apnea and has been implicated in SIDS pathogenesis, how PNE affects the SLCF\u2010mediated cardiorespiratory responses remains unexplored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PNE would aggravate the SLCF\u2010mediated apnea and bradycardia\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    up\u2010regulating TRPV1 expression and excitation of laryngeal C neurons in the nodose\/jugular (N\/J) ganglia. To this end, we compared the following outcomes between control and PNE rat pups at postnatal days 11\u201314:\n                    <jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) the cardiorespiratory responses to intralaryngeal application of capsaicin (10 \u03bcg\/ml, 50 \u03bcl), a selective stimulant for TRPV1 receptors, in anesthetized preparation;\n                    <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) immunoreactivity and mRNA of TRPV1 receptors of laryngeal sensory C neurons in the N\/J ganglia retrogradely traced by 1,1\u2032\u2010dioctadecyl\u20103,3,3\u2032,3\u2032\u2010tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate; and\n                    <jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) TRPV1 currents and electrophysiological characteristics of these neurons by using whole\u2010cell patch\u2010clamp technique\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our results showed that PNE markedly prolonged the apneic response and exacerbated the bradycardic response to intralaryngeal perfusion of capsaicin, which was associated with up\u2010regulation of TRPV1 expression in laryngeal C neurons. In addition, PNE increased the TRPV1 currents, depressed the slow delayed rectifier potassium currents, and increased the resting membrane potential of these neurons. Our results suggest that PNE is capable of aggravating the SLCF\u2010mediated apnea and bradycardia through TRPV1 sensitization and neuronal excitation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of SIDS.\u2014Gao, X., Zhao, L., Zhuang, J., Zang, N., Xu, F. Prenatal nicotinic exposure prolongs superior laryngeal C\u2010fiber\u2013mediated apnea and bradycardia through enhancing neuronal TRPV1 expression and excitation. FASEB J. 31, 4325\u20134334 (2017).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700163r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T20:50:12Z","timestamp":1497473412000},"page":"4325-4334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prenatal nicotinic exposure prolongs superior laryngeal C\u2010fiber\u2013mediated apnea and bradycardia through enhancing neuronal TRPV1 expression and excitation"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xiuping","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fadi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200204-289OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(99)00107-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701825908"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.302.3.935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2009.05214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00241.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.59.499","article-title":"Fiber composition of the superior laryngeal nerve in rats and guinea pigs","volume":"59","author":"Hishida N.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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