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Ghrelin is a recently discovered neuropeptide with anti\u2010inflammatory actions, but it is unknown whether ghrelin is involved in OA. Human primary chondrocyte and cartilage samples were collected from patients with OA, and the expression pattern of ghrelin was assessed. Human chondrocyte and cartilage samples were stimulated with IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1, and exogenous ghrelin\u2010alleviated disorganization of catabolism and anabolism were mediated by IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1. Destabilization of the medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament transection models were established in wild\u2010type mice that were administered ghrelin or PBS. Severity of inflammation and degeneration in the joints were determined by measuring the levels of various inflammatory cytokines and degeneration\u2010associated molecules. Ghrelin down\u2010regulated the production of various inflammatory cytokines, inhibited apoptosis of chondrocytes, decreased the levels of metalloproteinases (including matrix metalloproteinase\u201013 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif\u20105), and maintained the expression of critical matrix components, such as aggrecan and collagen 2. Moreover, suppression of the Akt signaling pathway and activation of NF\u2010\u03baB signaling in chondrocytes during OA development was antagonized by ghrelin administration. This supports the assessment of ghrelin as a potential therapeutic approach to treat degenerative cartilage diseases, including OA.\u2014Qu, R., Chen, X., Wang, W., Qiu, C., Ban, M., Guo, L., Vasilev, K., Chen, J., Li, W., Zhao, Y. Ghrelin protects against osteoarthritis through interplay with Akt and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathways.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    32, 1044\u20131058 (2018).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700265r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T10:46:34Z","timestamp":1508928394000},"page":"1044-1058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Ghrelin protects against osteoarthritis through interplay with Akt and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathways"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ruize","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Shandong University Jinan China"},{"name":"Medical School of Shandong University Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Shandong University Jinan China"},{"name":"Medical School of Shandong University Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Qilu Hospital Shandong University Jinan China"},{"name":"Medical School of Shandong University Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Shandong University Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Shandong University Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Shandong University Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krasimir","family":"Vasilev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering University of South Australia Mawson Lakes South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Qilu Hospital Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207923"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204660"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60802-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1603","article-title":"DALYs and HALE Collaborators. 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