{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:48:27Z","timestamp":1790693307782,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Support for the concept that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), when present in the brains of apolipoprotein E\u2010\u00ab4 carriers, is a major risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing steadily, with over 120 publications providing direct or indirect evidence relevant to the hypothesis. No articles have contested the concept, apart from 3 published 13\u201318 yr ago. This review describes very recent studies on the role of HSV1 but refers also to older studies that provide background for some lesser\u2010known related topics not covered in other recent reviews; these include the relevance of herpes simplex encephalitis and of epilepsy to AD, the action of IFN, and the possible relevance of the different types of DNA damage to AD\u2014in particular, those caused by HSV1\u2014and mechanisms of repair of damage. New epidemiologic data supporting previous studies on mild cognitive impairment and progression to AD are reviewed, as are those examining the relationship between total infectious burden (additive seropositivity to various microbes) and cognition\/AD. The latter indicates the involvement of HSV1 and cytomegalovirus (and the necessity of taking into account any marked differences in sensitivity of antibody detection). Recent studies that provide further support for the occurrence of repeated reactivation of latent HSV1 in the brain in AD pathogenesis are also discussed.\u2014Itzhaki, R. F. Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Alzheimer's disease: possible mechanisms and signposts.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 31, 3216\u20133226 (2017).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T03:25:42Z","timestamp":1501557942000},"page":"3216-3226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Alzheimer's disease: possible mechanisms and signposts"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ruth F.","family":"Itzhaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford  Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711670403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)10149-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.09.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013989","article-title":"APP processing induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV\u20101) yields several APP fragments in human and rat neuronal cells","volume":"5","author":"De Chiara G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.009","article-title":"HSV\u20101 promotes Ca2+\u2010mediated APP phosphorylation and A\u03b2 accumulation in rat cortical neurons","volume":"32","author":"Piacentini R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. 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