{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:31:16Z","timestamp":1793716276106,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]],"date-time":"2018-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Optimizing physical performance is a major goal in current physiology. However, basic understanding of combining high sprint and endurance performance is currently lacking. This study identifies critical determinants of combined sprint and endurance performance using multiple regression analyses of physiologic determinants at different biologic levels. Cyclists, including 6 international sprint, 8 team pursuit, and 14 road cyclists, completed a Wingate test and 15\u2010km time trial to obtain sprint and endurance performance results, respectively. Performance was normalized to lean body mass\n                    <jats:sup>2\/3<\/jats:sup>\n                    to eliminate the influence of body size. Performance determinants were obtained from whole\u2010body oxygen consumption, blood sampling, knee\u2010extensor maximal force, muscle oxygenation, whole\u2010muscle morphology, and muscle fiber histochemistry of musculus vastus lateralis. Normalized sprint performance was explained by percentage of fast\u2010type fibers and muscle volume (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.65;\n                    <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.001) and normalized endurance performance by performance oxygen consumption (Vo\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and muscle oxygenation (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.92;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Combined sprint and endurance performance was explained by gross efficiency, performance Vo\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and likely by muscle volume and fascicle length (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.056;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.059). High performance Vo\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    related to a high oxidative capacity, high capillarization x myoglobin, and small physiologic cross\u2010sectional area (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.67;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Results suggest that fascicle length and capillarization are important targets for training to optimize sprint and endurance performance simultaneously.\u2014 Van der Zwaard, S., van derLaarse, W. J., Weide, G., Bloemers, F. W., Hofmijster, M. J., Levels, K., Noordhof, D. A., de Koning, J. J., de Ruiter, C. J., Jaspers, R. T. Critical determinants of combined sprint and endurance performance: an integrative analysis from muscle fiber to the human body.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    32, 2110\u20132123 (2018).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700827r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T11:35:36Z","timestamp":1512646536000},"page":"2110-2123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Critical determinants of combined sprint and endurance performance: an integrative analysis from muscle fiber to the human body"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Stephan","family":"van der Zwaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences and Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem J.","family":"van der Laarse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Weide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences and Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank W.","family":"Bloemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathijs J.","family":"Hofmijster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Levels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionne A.","family":"Noordhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos J.","family":"de Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis J.","family":"de Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard T.","family":"Jaspers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences and Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, and Department of Physiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131070-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535040-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.6.2622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199101000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0264041031000102097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131070-00001","article-title":"Characteristics of track cycling","volume":"31","author":"Craig N. P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(00)80008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199417040-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00299.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00037.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200006000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.3.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0648-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000519047.24644.bc","article-title":"Muscle volume is a critical determinant of rowing performance in Olympic rowers: 2690 Board #210June 211","volume":"49","author":"Van der Zwaard S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"2166","article-title":"Muscle contractile properties as an explanation of the higher mean power output in marmosets than humans during jumping","volume":"218","author":"Plas R. L. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.7.3.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.2.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01548"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00625.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1545-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"Comprehensive Physiology","author":"Saltin B.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0900-48"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.6.M311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000227638.75983.9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00376503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.56.4.831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38182.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00355.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.5.1629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00470.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01383.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000233795.39282.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19740060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1306285","article-title":"Factors affecting gross efficiency in cycling","volume":"33","author":"De Koning J. J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"VI29","article-title":"Determinants and detection of anaerobic threshold and consequences of exercise above it","volume":"76","author":"Wasserman K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00421101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"e55943","article-title":"3D ultrasound imaging: fast and cost\u2010effective morphometry of musculoskeletal tissue","volume":"129","author":"Weide G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1085-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02085.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-0961.2003.00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00495025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002215549804600912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gln050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180050101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-004-0641-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199711000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0622-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","first-page":"E677","article-title":"Contribution of liver and skeletal muscle to alanine and lactate metabolism in humans","volume":"259","author":"Consoli A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.2.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.2.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(97)00023-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00128.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-830493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2005.11868345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199207000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(00)76349-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","volume-title":"Trails and Trials in Physiology: A Bibliography, 1909\u20101964; with Reviews of Certain Topics and Methods and a Reconnaissance for Further Research","author":"Hill A. V.","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.1.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737020-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12104","article-title":"Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance: a review","volume":"24","author":"R0nnestad B. R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00035.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.1.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.18.3133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091889"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000099092.83611.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12225"}],"container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.201700827R","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1096\/fj.201700827R","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.201700827R","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:07:54Z","timestamp":1761692874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1096\/fj.201700827R"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1096\/fj.201700827R"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.201700827r","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-6638","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-6860","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-09-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}