{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:31:03Z","timestamp":1767850263855,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The epididymis is a male reproductive organ involved in posttesticular sperm maturation and storage, but the mechanism underlying sperm maturation remains unclear. \u03b2\u2010Defensins (Defbs) belong to a family of small, cysteine\u2010rich, cationic peptides that are antimicrobial and modulate the immune response. A large number of Defb genes are expressed abundantly in the male reproductive tract, especially in the epididymis. We and other groups have shown the involvement of several Defb genes in regulation of sperm function. In this study, we found that\n                    <jats:italic>Defb23, Defb26<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Defb42<\/jats:italic>\n                    were highly expressed in specific regions of the epididymis. Rats with CRISPR\/Cas9\u2010 mediated single\u2010gene disruption of\n                    <jats:italic>Defb23, Defb26<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic>Defb42<\/jats:italic>\n                    had no obvious fertility phenotypes. Those with the deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>Defb23\/26<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Defb23\/26\/42<\/jats:italic>\n                    became subfertile, and sperm isolated from the epididymal cauda of multiple\u2010 mutant rats were demonstrated decreased motility. Meanwhile, the sperm showed precocious capacitation and increased spontaneous acrosome reaction. Consistent with premature capacitation and acrosome reaction, sperm from multiple\u2010gene\u2010knockout rats had significantly increased intracellular calcium. These results suggest that Defb family members affect sperm maturation by a synergistic pattern in the epididymis.\u2014Zhang, C., Zhou, Y., Xie, S., Yin, Q., Tang, C., Ni, Z., Fei, J., Zhang, Y. CRISPR\/Cas9\u2010mediated genome editing reveals the synergistic effects of \u03b2\u2010defensin family members on sperm maturation in rat epididymis. FASEB J. 32,1354\u20101363 (2018).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700936r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]],"date-time":"2017-11-15T07:35:54Z","timestamp":1510731354000},"page":"1354-1363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["CRISPR\/Cas9\u2010mediated genome editing reveals the synergistic effects of \u03b2\u2010defensin family members on sperm maturation in rat epididymis"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Chaobao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology Tong Ji University Shanghai China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in 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