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Because PCOS is closely linked to obesity, we investigated the impact of an adverse hormonal or metabolic maternal environment and offspring obesity on anxiety in the offspring. The obese PCOS phenotype was induced by chronic high\u2010fat\u2010high\u2010sucrose (HFHS) consumption together with prenatal dihydrotestosterone exposure in mouse dams. Anxiety\u2010like behavior was assessed in adult offspring with the elevated\u2010plus maze and open\u2010field tests. The influence of maternal androgens and maternal and offspring diet on genes implicated in anxiety were analyzed in the amygdala and hypothalamus with real\u2010time PCR (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 47). Independent of diet, female offspring exposed to maternal androgens were more anxious and displayed up\u2010regulation of adrenoceptor\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    1B in the amygdala and up\u2010regulation of hypothalamic corticotropin\u2010releasing hor\u2010mone\n                    <jats:italic>(Crh<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). By contrast, male offspring exposed to a HFHS maternal diet had increased anxiety\u2010like behavior and showed up\u2010regulation of epigenetic markers in the amygdala and up\u2010regulation of hypothalamic\n                    <jats:italic>Crh<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Overall, there were substantial sex differences in gene expression in the brain. These findings provide novel insight into how maternal androgens and obesity exert sex\u2010specific effects on behavior and gene expression in the offspring of a PCOS mouse model.\u2014Manti, M., Fornes, R., Qi, X., Folmerz, E., Lind\u00e9n Hirschberg A., de Castro Barbosa T., Maliqueo, M., Benrick, A., Stener\u2010Victorin E. Maternal androgen excess and obesity induce sexually dimorphic anxiety\u2010like behavior in the offspring.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 32, 4158\u20134171 (2018).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201701263rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T13:54:03Z","timestamp":1521726843000},"page":"4158-4171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Maternal androgen excess and obesity induce sexually dimorphic anxiety\u2010like behavior in the offspring"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Manti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Fornes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"Folmerz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Lind\u00e9n Hirschberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Qiqihar Medical University Qiqihar China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais","family":"de Castro Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Maliqueo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Division Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory School of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Benrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Stener\u2010Victorin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Education University of Sk\u00f6vde Sk\u00f6vde Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61345-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JIM.0000446834.90599.5d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2010.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1507514112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.143693"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-144014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.nsa04is48"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"937","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with anogenital distance, a marker of prenatal androgen exposure","volume":"32","author":"Wu Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. 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